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R&D Spending in Six Large Research Economies

Gross domestic spending on R&D as a share of GDP, yearly, %

United States: 3.45% in 2023the lowest since 2020+0.75 pp since 2013

5 of 6 series are above their level a year earlier·5 of 6 are at a five-year high

YTD1y2y5y10y20yAll
ForecastOffContinuationForesight™
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High and lowMarks the highest and lowest readings in the window shown.
Current·Data to 2023

Plays the chart through its history. Pauses are where the data set a record or moved most.

United States · Continuation · the recent trend, flattening · 3 years

China · Continuation · the recent trend, flattening · 3 years

South Korea · Continuation · the recent trend, flattening · 3 years

Israel · Continuation · the recent trend, flattening · 3 years

Continuation isn't available for Japan: Charts project up to 4 series.

Continuation isn't available for Germany: Charts project up to 4 series.

Dashed: the projection from the latest reading. A projection, not a promise.

World Bank WDI (CC BY 4.0), compiled from UNESCO Institute for Statistics data. A share of GDP: it can rise when spending grows or when GDP shrinks.

R&D intensity in six economies that lead global research. Israel and South Korea have pulled far ahead of the others. China has more than quadrupled its share since the mid-1990s and is closing on Germany and the United States.

What this chart reads·6 series

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Sources·6 sources

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United States · R&D Spending · % of GDP. Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), via World Bank World Development Indicators, indicator GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS. Licence per the World Bank's indicator metadata: CC BY 4.0. Attribution: World Bank WDI (CC BY 4.0), compiled from UNESCO Institute for Statistics data. Palanor reads it each month and rewrites the history, so revisions carry through.

China · R&D Spending · % of GDP. Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), via World Bank World Development Indicators, indicator GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS. Licence per the World Bank's indicator metadata: CC BY 4.0. Attribution: World Bank WDI (CC BY 4.0), compiled from UNESCO Institute for Statistics data. Palanor reads it each month and rewrites the history, so revisions carry through.

South Korea · R&D Spending · % of GDP. Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), via World Bank World Development Indicators, indicator GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS. Licence per the World Bank's indicator metadata: CC BY 4.0. Attribution: World Bank WDI (CC BY 4.0), compiled from UNESCO Institute for Statistics data. Palanor reads it each month and rewrites the history, so revisions carry through.

Israel · R&D Spending · % of GDP. Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), via World Bank World Development Indicators, indicator GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS. Licence per the World Bank's indicator metadata: CC BY 4.0. Attribution: World Bank WDI (CC BY 4.0), compiled from UNESCO Institute for Statistics data. Palanor reads it each month and rewrites the history, so revisions carry through.

Japan · R&D Spending · % of GDP. Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), via World Bank World Development Indicators, indicator GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS. Licence per the World Bank's indicator metadata: CC BY 4.0. Attribution: World Bank WDI (CC BY 4.0), compiled from UNESCO Institute for Statistics data. Palanor reads it each month and rewrites the history, so revisions carry through.

Germany · R&D Spending · % of GDP. Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), via World Bank World Development Indicators, indicator GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS. Licence per the World Bank's indicator metadata: CC BY 4.0. Attribution: World Bank WDI (CC BY 4.0), compiled from UNESCO Institute for Statistics data. Palanor reads it each month and rewrites the history, so revisions carry through.

Charts are drawn from Palanor's signal library and recomputed from source data on every view. Transformations (changes, indexing, year-on-year rates) are Palanor's.

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