Who Controls Critical Minerals

Gallium Primary Production Share: China. Source: U.S. Geological Survey, *Mineral Commodity Summaries* 2019 to 2026 (yearly; the 2026 edition is https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2026). Each year's figure is taken from the newest edition that prints it, so later revisions replace earlier estimates; the newest year in each edition is a USGS estimate. Palanor read the figures from the world production and reserves table in each commodity chapter of the PDF editions (pubs.usgs.gov) and checked that the listed countries add up to the rounded world total. Licence: public domain. The report states: "Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report." The matching USGS data release (doi:10.5066/P1WKQ63T) is marked CC0 1.0 Universal. Updated each year when USGS publishes the new edition (late January). Palanor divides the country's figure by the rounded world total in the same edition and year; when the listed producers add up to more than that rounded total, it divides by their sum instead.

Tungsten Mine Production Share: China. Source: U.S. Geological Survey, *Mineral Commodity Summaries* 2019 to 2026 (yearly; the 2026 edition is https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2026). Each year's figure is taken from the newest edition that prints it, so later revisions replace earlier estimates; the newest year in each edition is a USGS estimate. Palanor read the figures from the world production and reserves table in each commodity chapter of the PDF editions (pubs.usgs.gov) and checked that the listed countries add up to the rounded world total. Licence: public domain. The report states: "Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report." The matching USGS data release (doi:10.5066/P1WKQ63T) is marked CC0 1.0 Universal. Updated each year when USGS publishes the new edition (late January). Palanor divides the country's figure by the rounded world total in the same edition and year; when the listed producers add up to more than that rounded total, it divides by their sum instead.

Natural Graphite Mine Production Share: China. Source: U.S. Geological Survey, *Mineral Commodity Summaries* 2019 to 2026 (yearly; the 2026 edition is https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2026). Each year's figure is taken from the newest edition that prints it, so later revisions replace earlier estimates; the newest year in each edition is a USGS estimate. Palanor read the figures from the world production and reserves table in each commodity chapter of the PDF editions (pubs.usgs.gov) and checked that the listed countries add up to the rounded world total. Licence: public domain. The report states: "Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report." The matching USGS data release (doi:10.5066/P1WKQ63T) is marked CC0 1.0 Universal. Updated each year when USGS publishes the new edition (late January). Palanor divides the country's figure by the rounded world total in the same edition and year; when the listed producers add up to more than that rounded total, it divides by their sum instead.

Cobalt Mine Production Share: DR Congo. Source: U.S. Geological Survey, *Mineral Commodity Summaries* 2019 to 2026 (yearly; the 2026 edition is https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2026). Each year's figure is taken from the newest edition that prints it, so later revisions replace earlier estimates; the newest year in each edition is a USGS estimate. Palanor read the figures from the world production and reserves table in each commodity chapter of the PDF editions (pubs.usgs.gov) and checked that the listed countries add up to the rounded world total. Licence: public domain. The report states: "Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report." The matching USGS data release (doi:10.5066/P1WKQ63T) is marked CC0 1.0 Universal. Updated each year when USGS publishes the new edition (late January). Palanor divides the country's figure by the rounded world total in the same edition and year; when the listed producers add up to more than that rounded total, it divides by their sum instead.

Platinum Mine Production Share: South Africa. Source: U.S. Geological Survey, *Mineral Commodity Summaries* 2019 to 2026 (yearly; the 2026 edition is https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2026). Each year's figure is taken from the newest edition that prints it, so later revisions replace earlier estimates; the newest year in each edition is a USGS estimate. Palanor read the figures from the world production and reserves table in each commodity chapter of the PDF editions (pubs.usgs.gov) and checked that the listed countries add up to the rounded world total. Licence: public domain. The report states: "Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report." The matching USGS data release (doi:10.5066/P1WKQ63T) is marked CC0 1.0 Universal. Updated each year when USGS publishes the new edition (late January). Palanor divides the country's figure by the rounded world total in the same edition and year; when the listed producers add up to more than that rounded total, it divides by their sum instead.

Rare Earths Mine Production Share: China. Source: U.S. Geological Survey, *Mineral Commodity Summaries* 2019 to 2026 (yearly; the 2026 edition is https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2026). Each year's figure is taken from the newest edition that prints it, so later revisions replace earlier estimates; the newest year in each edition is a USGS estimate. Palanor read the figures from the world production and reserves table in each commodity chapter of the PDF editions (pubs.usgs.gov) and checked that the listed countries add up to the rounded world total. Licence: public domain. The report states: "Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report." The matching USGS data release (doi:10.5066/P1WKQ63T) is marked CC0 1.0 Universal. Updated each year when USGS publishes the new edition (late January). Palanor divides the country's figure by the rounded world total in the same edition and year; when the listed producers add up to more than that rounded total, it divides by their sum instead.

Nickel Mine Production Share: Indonesia. Source: U.S. Geological Survey, *Mineral Commodity Summaries* 2019 to 2026 (yearly; the 2026 edition is https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2026). Each year's figure is taken from the newest edition that prints it, so later revisions replace earlier estimates; the newest year in each edition is a USGS estimate. Palanor read the figures from the world production and reserves table in each commodity chapter of the PDF editions (pubs.usgs.gov) and checked that the listed countries add up to the rounded world total. Licence: public domain. The report states: "Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report." The matching USGS data release (doi:10.5066/P1WKQ63T) is marked CC0 1.0 Universal. Updated each year when USGS publishes the new edition (late January). Palanor divides the country's figure by the rounded world total in the same edition and year; when the listed producers add up to more than that rounded total, it divides by their sum instead.

Palladium Mine Production Share: Russia. Source: U.S. Geological Survey, *Mineral Commodity Summaries* 2019 to 2026 (yearly; the 2026 edition is https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2026). Each year's figure is taken from the newest edition that prints it, so later revisions replace earlier estimates; the newest year in each edition is a USGS estimate. Palanor read the figures from the world production and reserves table in each commodity chapter of the PDF editions (pubs.usgs.gov) and checked that the listed countries add up to the rounded world total. Licence: public domain. The report states: "Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report." The matching USGS data release (doi:10.5066/P1WKQ63T) is marked CC0 1.0 Universal. Updated each year when USGS publishes the new edition (late January). Palanor divides the country's figure by the rounded world total in the same edition and year; when the listed producers add up to more than that rounded total, it divides by their sum instead.

Manganese Mine Production Share: South Africa. Source: U.S. Geological Survey, *Mineral Commodity Summaries* 2019 to 2026 (yearly; the 2026 edition is https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2026). Each year's figure is taken from the newest edition that prints it, so later revisions replace earlier estimates; the newest year in each edition is a USGS estimate. Palanor read the figures from the world production and reserves table in each commodity chapter of the PDF editions (pubs.usgs.gov) and checked that the listed countries add up to the rounded world total. Licence: public domain. The report states: "Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report." The matching USGS data release (doi:10.5066/P1WKQ63T) is marked CC0 1.0 Universal. Updated each year when USGS publishes the new edition (late January). Palanor divides the country's figure by the rounded world total in the same edition and year; when the listed producers add up to more than that rounded total, it divides by their sum instead.

Lithium Mine Production Share: Australia. Source: U.S. Geological Survey, *Mineral Commodity Summaries* 2019 to 2026 (yearly; the 2026 edition is https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2026). Each year's figure is taken from the newest edition that prints it, so later revisions replace earlier estimates; the newest year in each edition is a USGS estimate. Palanor read the figures from the world production and reserves table in each commodity chapter of the PDF editions (pubs.usgs.gov) and checked that the listed countries add up to the rounded world total. Licence: public domain. The report states: "Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report." The matching USGS data release (doi:10.5066/P1WKQ63T) is marked CC0 1.0 Universal. Updated each year when USGS publishes the new edition (late January). Palanor divides the country's figure by the rounded world total in the same edition and year; when the listed producers add up to more than that rounded total, it divides by their sum instead.

Copper Mine Production Share: Chile. Source: U.S. Geological Survey, *Mineral Commodity Summaries* 2019 to 2026 (yearly; the 2026 edition is https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2026). Each year's figure is taken from the newest edition that prints it, so later revisions replace earlier estimates; the newest year in each edition is a USGS estimate. Palanor read the figures from the world production and reserves table in each commodity chapter of the PDF editions (pubs.usgs.gov) and checked that the listed countries add up to the rounded world total. Licence: public domain. The report states: "Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report." The matching USGS data release (doi:10.5066/P1WKQ63T) is marked CC0 1.0 Universal. Updated each year when USGS publishes the new edition (late January). Palanor divides the country's figure by the rounded world total in the same edition and year; when the listed producers add up to more than that rounded total, it divides by their sum instead.