EX-99.12tm256423d1_ex99-1.htmEXHIBIT 99.1
Exhibit 99.1
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Investor Contact
Media Contact
Paul T. Luther
Rob Morrison
(412) 553-1950
(412) 553-2666
Paul.Luther@howmet.com
Rob.Morrison@howmet.com
Howmet Aerospace Reports Fourth Quarter and
Full Year 2024 Results
FY 2024: Revenue Up 12% Year Over Year; Record
Revenue, Profit and Cash Generation
FY 2024: Approx. $975 Million Deployed for Common
Stock Repurchases, Debt Reduction, and Dividends
Q1 2025: Increased Common Stock Dividend 25%
from Fourth Quarter 2024
FY 2025: Raising Revenue Growth Guidance to
~8% YoY; Expect Improved Profit and Cash Generation
Fourth Quarter 2024 GAAP Financial Results
·
Revenue of $1.9 billion, up 9% year over year, driven by Commercial Aerospace,
up 13%
·
Net Income of $314 million versus $236 million in the fourth quarter 2023;
Earnings Per Share of $0.77 versus $0.57 in the fourth quarter 2023
·
Operating Income Margin of 23.5%
·
Generated $480 million of cash from operations; $284 million of cash used
for financing activities; and $107 million of cash used for investing activities
Full Year 2024 GAAP Financial Results
·
Revenue of $7.4 billion, up 12% year over year, driven by Commercial Aerospace,
up 20%
·
Net Income of $1.2 billion versus $765 million in the full year 2023; Earnings
per Share of $2.81 versus $1.83 in the full year 2023
·
Operating Income Margin of 22.0%
·
$1.3 billion cash from operations; $1.0 billion of cash used for financing
activities; and $316 million of cash used for investing activities; Free Cash Flow1 85% of Net Income
Fourth Quarter 2024 Adjusted Financial Results
·
Adj. EBITDA excluding special items of $507 million, up 27% year over year
·
Adj. EBITDA Margin excluding special items of 26.8%
·
Adj. Operating Income Margin excluding special items of 23.0%
·
Adj. Earnings Per Share excluding special items of $0.74, up 40% year over
year
·
$378 million of Free Cash Flow
Full Year 2024 Adjusted Financial Results
·
Adj. EBITDA excluding special items of $1.9 billion, up 27% year over year
·
Adj. EBITDA Margin excluding special items of 25.8%
·
Adj. Operating Income Margin excluding special items of 22.0%
·
Adj. Earnings Per Share excluding special items of $2.69, up 46% year over
year
·
$977 million of Free Cash Flow; 88% conversion of Net Income excluding special
items
1 Free Cash Flow = Cash provided from operations less
Capital expenditures
1
2025 Guidance
Q1 2025 Guidance
FY 2025 Guidance
Low
Baseline
High
Low
Baseline
High
G1Revenue
$1.925B
$1.935B
$1.945B
$7.930B
$8.030B
$8.130B
G2Adj.
EBITDA*2
$515M
$520M
$525M
$2.105B
$2.130B
$2.155B
G3Adj. EBITDA Margin*2
26.8%
26.9%
27.0%
26.5%
26.5%
26.5%
G4Adj. Earnings per Share*2
$0.75
$0.76
$0.77
$3.13
$3.17
$3.21
G5Free Cash Flow2
$1.025B
$1.075B
$1.125B
Key Announcements
·
In
the fourth quarter 2024, the Company repurchased $190 million of common stock at an average price of $109.75 per share, retiring approximately
1.7 million shares.
·
In January 2025, the Company repurchased an additional $50 million of common
stock. As of January 31, 2025, total share repurchase authorization available was approximately $2.15 billion.
·
In
the fourth quarter 2024, the Company paid down $60 million of its US dollar-denominated Term Loan, resulting in annualized interest expense
savings of approximately $3 million.
·
On November 25, 2024, the Company paid a quarterly dividend of $0.08 per
share on its common stock.
·
The Company increased the quarterly dividend of its common stock by 25% to
$0.10 per share in the first quarter 2025.
PITTSBURGH, PA, February 13, 2025 – Howmet Aerospace (NYSE:
HWM) today reported fourth quarter and full year 2024 results. The Company reported fourth quarter 2024 revenues of $1.9 billion, up 9%
year over year, primarily driven by growth in the commercial aerospace market of 13%.
Howmet Aerospace reported Net Income of $314 million, or $0.77 per
share, in the fourth quarter 2024 versus $236 million, or $0.57 per share, in the fourth quarter 2023, and included approximately $11
million in net benefit from special items. Net Income excluding special items was $303 million, or $0.74 per share, in the fourth quarter
2024, versus $218 million, or $0.53 per share, in the fourth quarter 2023.
Fourth quarter 2024 Operating Income was $445 million, up 37% year
over year. Fourth quarter Adjusted Operating Income excluding special items was $434 million, up 32% year over year. Operating Income
Margin was up approximately 470 basis points year over year at 23.5% in the fourth quarter 2024. Fourth quarter Adjusted Operating Income
Margin excluding special items was 23.0%, up approximately 390 basis points year over year.
Fourth quarter 2024 Adjusted EBITDA excluding special items was $507
million, up 27% year over year. The year-over-year increase was driven by growth in the commercial aerospace and defense aerospace markets.
Adjusted EBITDA Margin excluding special items was up approximately 380 basis points year over year at 26.8%.
* Excluding special items
2 Reconciliations of the forward-looking non-GAAP measures
to the most directly comparable GAAP measures, as well as the directly comparable GAAP measures, are not available without unreasonable
efforts due to the variability and complexity of the charges and other components excluded from the non-GAAP measures – for further
detail, see “2025 Guidance” below.
2
Howmet Aerospace reported full year 2024 revenues of $7.4 billion,
up 12% year over year, primarily driven by growth in the commercial aerospace market of 20%.
The Company reported Net Income of $1.2 billion, or $2.81 per share,
in the full year 2024 versus $765 million, or $1.83 per share, in the full year 2023, and included approximately $48 million in net benefit
from special items. Net Income excluding special items was $1.1 billion, or $2.69 per share, in the full year 2024, versus $766 million,
or $1.84 per share, in the full year 2023.
Full year 2024 Operating Income was $1.6 billion, up 36% year over
year. Full year Adjusted Operating Income excluding special items was $1.6 billion, up 32% year over year. Operating Income Margin was
up approximately 390 basis points year over year at 22.0% in the full year 2024. Full year Adjusted Operating Income Margin excluding
special items was 22.0%, up approximately 340 basis points year over year.
Full year 2024 Adjusted EBITDA excluding special items was $1.9 billion,
up 27% year over year. The year-over-year increase was driven by growth in the commercial aerospace and defense aerospace markets. Adjusted
EBITDA Margin excluding special items was up approximately 310 basis points year over year at 25.8%.
Howmet
Aerospace Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer John Plant said, “Howmet drove a healthy set of results to close out the
year, exceeding the high end of guidance. Revenue in the fourth quarter 2024 grew 9% year over year to a record $1.9 billion, with commercial
aerospace growth of 13% supported by engine spares volumes. Adjusted EBITDA* grew
27% to $507 million and Adjusted EBITDA Margin* increased
approximately 380 basis points to 26.8%, also records. Adjusted Earnings per Share* grew
40% to a record $0.74.”
Mr.
Plant continued, “Robust cash generation continues to support Howmet’s strong balance sheet as well as an attractive shareholder
return profile. In full year 2024, the Company generated $977 million of Free Cash Flow for an 88% conversion of Net Income*,
and deployed approximately $975 million of cash in the form of common stock repurchases, debt reduction, and dividends. On January 27,
the Board of Directors approved a 25% increase in the common stock dividend to $0.10 per share.”
“The
outlook for commercial aerospace remains solid with rising OEM production rates supported by strong demand as well as continued healthy
growth in engine spares demand. We expect continued growth in the defense aerospace and industrial end markets, with the commercial transportation
market anticipated to be soft until the second half of 2025. The mid-point of our 2025 revenue growth guidance is increased to approximately
8% year over year compared to the 7.5% outlook provided at third quarter 2024 earnings, and this extra growth is on top of a strong finish
to 2024. We continue to employ a cautious view on underlying build rates in our guidance, assuming The Boeing Company produces approximately
25 737-MAX aircraft per month and 6 787 aircraft per month on average across 2025 and Airbus averages mid-50s per month on the A320 and
approximately 6 per month on the A350. Free Cash Flow in 2025 is expected to exceed $1 billion with approximately 85% conversion of Net
Income*, while investing in additional capital
expenditures for growth.”
* Excluding special items
3
Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2024 Segment Performance
Engine Products
Q4 2023
FY 2023
Q3 2024
Q4 2024
FY 2024
(in U.S. dollar amounts)
Third-party sales
$ 852
$3,266
$ 945
$ 972
$3,735
Inter-segment sales
$ 1
$ 13
$ 3
$ 1
$7
Provision for depreciation and amortization
$ 33
$ 130
$ 34
$ 39
$139
Segment Adjusted EBITDA
$ 233
$ 887
$ 307
$ 302
$1,150
Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin
27.3 %
27.2 %
32.5 %
31.1 %
30.8%
Restructuring and other (credits) charges
$ (1)
$ (2)
$ 1
$ 1
$1
Capital expenditures
$ 28
$ 112
$ 55
$ 76
$219
Engine Products reported fourth quarter 2024 revenue of $972 million,
an increase of 14% year over year, due to growth in the commercial aerospace, defense aerospace, oil & gas, and industrial gas turbine
markets. Segment Adjusted EBITDA was $302 million, up 30% year over year, driven by growth in the commercial aerospace, defense aerospace,
oil & gas, and industrial gas turbine markets. The segment absorbed approximately 220 net headcount in the quarter and approximately
1,205 in full year 2024 in support of expected revenue increases. Segment Adjusted EBITDA margin increased approximately 380 basis points
year over year to 31.1%.
Engine Products reported full year 2024 revenue of $3.7 billion, up
14% year over year, due to growth in the commercial aerospace, defense aerospace, oil and gas, and industrial gas turbine markets. Segment
Adjusted EBITDA was a record $1.2 billion, up 30% year over year, driven primarily by growth in the commercial aerospace, defense aerospace,
oil and gas, and industrial gas turbine markets. Segment Adjusted EBITDA margin increased approximately 360 basis points year over year
to 30.8%.
Fastening Systems
Q4 2023
FY 2023
Q3 2024
Q4 2024
FY 2024
(in U.S. dollar amounts)
Third-party sales
$ 360
$1,349
$ 392
$ 401
$1,576
Inter-segment sales
$ —
$ —
$ —
$ 1
$1
Provision for depreciation and amortization
$ 11
$ 46
$ 12
$ 11
$47
Segment Adjusted EBITDA
$ 80
$ 278
$ 102
$ 111
$406
Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin
22.2 %
20.6 %
26.0 %
27.7 %
25.8%
Restructuring and other charges
$ —
$ 1
$ 1
$ 2
$5
Capital expenditures
$ 8
$ 31
$ 5
$ 9
$26
Fastening Systems reported fourth quarter 2024 revenue of $401 million,
an increase of 11% year over year due to growth in the commercial aerospace market, including wide body aircraft recovery. Segment Adjusted
EBITDA was $111 million, up 39% year over year, driven by growth in the commercial aerospace market as well as productivity gains. Segment
Adjusted EBITDA margin increased approximately 550 basis points year over year to 27.7%.
4
Fastening Systems reported full year 2024 revenue of $1.6 billion,
up 17% year over year, due to growth in the commercial aerospace market, including wide body recovery. Segment Adjusted EBITDA was $406
million, up 46% year over year, driven primarily by growth in the commercial aerospace market as well as productivity gains. Segment Adjusted
EBITDA margin increased approximately 520 basis points year over year to 25.8%.
Engineered Structures
Q4 2023
FY 2023
Q3 2024
Q4 2024
FY 2024
(in U.S. dollar amounts)
Third-party sales
$ 244
$878
$ 253
$ 275
$1,065
Inter-segment sales
$ 2
$ 3
$ 3
$ 3
$10
Provision for depreciation and amortization
$ 11
$ 47
$ 10
$ 10
$42
Segment Adjusted EBITDA
$ 33
$ 113
$ 38
$ 51
$166
Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin
13.5 %
12.9 %
15.0 %
18.5 %
15.6%
Restructuring and other charges (credits)
$ 14
$ 21
$ 1
$ (3)
$12
Capital expenditures
$ 5
$ 26
$ 5
$ 4
$20
Engineered Structures reported fourth quarter 2024 revenue of $275
million, an increase of 13% year over year due to growth in the commercial aerospace and defense aerospace markets. Segment Adjusted EBITDA
was $51 million, up 55% year over year, driven by growth in the commercial aerospace and defense aerospace markets. Segment Adjusted EBITDA
margin increased approximately 500 basis points year over year to 18.5%.
Engineered Structures reported full year 2024 revenue of $1.1 billion,
up 21% year over year, due to growth in the commercial aerospace and defense aerospace markets. Segment Adjusted EBITDA was $166 million,
up 47% year over year, driven primarily by growth in the commercial aerospace and defense aerospace markets. Segment Adjusted EBITDA margin
increased approximately 270 basis points year over year to 15.6%.
Forged Wheels
Q4 2023
FY 2023
Q3 2024
Q4 2024
FY 2024
(in U.S. dollar amounts)
Third-party sales
$ 275
$1,147
$ 245
$ 243
$1,054
Provision for depreciation and amortization
$ 10
$ 39
$ 10
$ 12
$42
Segment Adjusted EBITDA
$ 72
$ 309
$ 64
$ 66
$287
Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin
26.2%
26.9%
26.1%
27.2%
27.2%
Restructuring and other charges
$ —
$ —
$ 1
$ —
$1
Capital expenditures
$ 11
$ 36
$ 14
$ 10
$45
Forged Wheels reported fourth quarter 2024 revenue of $243 million,
a decrease of 12% year over year due to lower volumes in the commercial transportation market. Segment Adjusted EBITDA was $66 million,
a decrease of approximately 8% year over year, driven by lower volumes in the commercial transportation market. Segment Adjusted EBITDA
margin increased approximately 100 basis points year over year to 27.2%.
5
Forged Wheels reported full year 2024 revenue of $1.1 billion, down
8% year over year, due to lower volumes in the commercial transportation market as well as a decrease in aluminum and other inflationary
cost pass through. Segment Adjusted EBITDA was $287 million, down 7% year over year, driven primarily by lower volumes in the commercial
transportation market. Segment Adjusted EBITDA margin increased approximately 30 basis points year over year to 27.2%.
Key Announcements
Repurchased $190 Million of Common Stock in Fourth Quarter 2024,
$500 Million in Full Year 2024; $50 Million in January 2025
In the fourth quarter 2024, Howmet Aerospace repurchased $190 million
of common stock at an average price of $109.75 per share, retiring approximately 1.7 million shares.
In the full year 2024, the Company repurchased $500 million of common
stock at an average price of $86.65 per share, retiring approximately 5.8 million shares.
In January 2025, the Company repurchased an additional $50 million
of common stock at an average price of $116.39 per share, retiring approximately 0.4 million shares.
As of January 31, 2025, total share repurchase authorization available
was approximately $2.15 billion.
Paid Down $60 Million of US Dollar-Denominated Term Loan; Reduced
Debt $365 Million in Full Year 2024
In the fourth quarter 2024, the Company paid down $60 million of its
US dollar-denominated Term Loan, resulting in annualized interest expense savings of approximately $3 million. The Company has $140 million
remaining outstanding on the USD Term Loan due November 2026.
In the full year 2024, the Company reduced gross debt by $365 million,
resulting in annualized interest expense savings of approximately $37 million.
Quarterly Common Stock Dividend of $0.08 Per Share in Fourth Quarter
2024; $0.10 Per Share in First Quarter 2025
On November 25, 2024, the Company paid a quarterly dividend of $0.08
per share on its common stock to holders of record at the close of business November 8, 2024.
On January 27, 2025, the Board of Directors declared a dividend of
$0.10 per share on the Company’s common stock to be paid on February 25, 2025 to holders of record as of the close of business on
February 7, 2025. The quarterly dividend represents a 25% increase from the prior dividend of $0.08 per share.
6
2025 Guidance
Q1 2025 Guidance
FY 2025 Guidance
Low
Baseline
High
Low
Baseline
High
Revenue
$1.925B
$1.935B
$1.945B
$7.930B
$8.030B
$8.130B
Adj. EBITDA*1
$515M
$520M
$525M
$2.105B
$2.130B
$2.155B
Adj. EBITDA Margin*1
26.8%
26.9%
27.0%
26.5%
26.5%
26.5%
Adj. Earnings per Share*1
$0.75
$0.76
$0.77
$3.13
$3.17
$3.21
Free Cash Flow1
$1.025B
$1.075B
$1.125B
* Excluding Special Items
1 Reconciliations of the forward-looking non-GAAP financial
measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures, as well as the directly comparable GAAP measures, are not available
without unreasonable efforts due to the variability and complexity of the charges and other components excluded from the non-GAAP measures,
such as gains or losses on sales of assets, taxes, and any future restructuring or impairment charges. In addition, there is inherent
variability already included in the GAAP measures, including, but not limited to, price/mix and volume. Howmet Aerospace believes such
reconciliations would imply a degree of precision that would be confusing or misleading to investors.
Howmet Aerospace will hold its quarterly conference call at 10:00
AM Eastern Time on Thursday, February 13, 2025. The call will be webcast via www.howmet.com. The press release and presentation materials
will be available at approximately 7:00 AM ET on February 13, via the “Investors” section of the Howmet Aerospace website.
About Howmet Aerospace
Howmet Aerospace Inc., headquartered
in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is a leading global provider of advanced engineered solutions for the aerospace and transportation industries.
The Company’s primary businesses focus on jet engine components, aerospace fastening systems, and airframe structural components
necessary for mission-critical performance and efficiency in aerospace and defense applications, as well as forged aluminum wheels for
commercial transportation. With approximately 1,170 granted and pending patents, the Company’s differentiated technologies enable
lighter, more fuel-efficient aircraft and commercial trucks to operate with a lower carbon footprint. For more information, visit www.howmet.com.
Dissemination of Company Information
Howmet Aerospace intends to make future announcements regarding Company developments and financial performance through its website at
www.howmet.com.
7
Forward-Looking Statements
This release contains statements that relate to future events and expectations
and as such constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking
statements include those containing such words as "anticipates", "believes", "could", “envisions”, "estimates", "expects", "forecasts", "goal", "guidance", "intends", "may", "outlook", "plans", "projects", "seeks", "sees", "should", "targets", "will", "would", or other words of similar meaning. All statements that reflect Howmet Aerospace’s expectations,
assumptions or projections about the future, other than statements of historical fact, are forward-looking statements, including, without
limitation, statements, forecasts and outlook relating to the condition of end markets; future financial results or operating performance;
future strategic actions; Howmet Aerospace's strategies, outlook, and business and financial prospects; and any future dividends, debt
issuances, debt reduction and repurchases of its common stock. These statements reflect beliefs and assumptions that are based on Howmet
Aerospace’s perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors Howmet
Aerospace believes are appropriate in the circumstances. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject
to risks, uncertainties and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict, which could cause actual results to differ materially
from those indicated by these statements. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: (a) deterioration in global economic
and financial market conditions generally; (b) unfavorable changes in the markets served by Howmet Aerospace; (c) the impact of potential
cyber attacks and information technology or data security breaches; (d) the loss of significant customers or adverse changes in customers’
business or financial conditions; (e) manufacturing difficulties or other issues that impact product performance, quality or safety; (f)
inability of suppliers to meet obligations due to supply chain disruptions or otherwise; (g) failure to attract and retain a qualified
workforce and key personnel, labor disputes or other employee relations issues; (h) the inability to achieve revenue growth, cash generation,
restructuring plans, cost reductions, improvement in profitability, or strengthening of competitiveness and operations anticipated or
targeted; (I) inability to meet increased demand, production targets or commitments; (j) competition from new product offerings, disruptive
technologies or other developments; (k) geopolitical, economic, and regulatory risks relating to Howmet Aerospace’s global operations,
including geopolitical and diplomatic tensions, instabilities, conflicts and wars, as well as compliance with U.S. and foreign trade and
tax laws, sanctions, embargoes and other regulations; (l) the outcome of contingencies, including legal proceedings, government or regulatory
investigations, and environmental remediation, which can expose Howmet Aerospace to substantial costs and liabilities; (m) failure to
comply with government contracting regulations; (n) adverse changes in discount rates or investment returns on pension assets; and (o)
the other risk factors summarized in Howmet Aerospace’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 and other reports filed with
the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Market projections are subject to the risks discussed above and other risks in the market.
Under its share repurchase program, the Company may repurchase shares from time to time, in amounts, at prices, and at such times as the
Company deems appropriate, subject to market conditions, legal requirements and other considerations. The Company is not obligated to
repurchase any specific number of shares or to do so at any particular time. The declaration of any future dividends is subject to the
discretion and approval of the Board of Directors after the Board’s consideration of all factors it deems relevant and subject to
applicable law. The Company may modify, suspend, or cancel its share repurchase program or its dividend policy in any manner and at any
time that it may deem necessary or appropriate. Credit ratings are not a recommendation to buy or hold any Howmet Aerospace securities,
and they may be revised or revoked at any time at the sole discretion of the credit rating organizations. The statements in this release
are made as of the date of this release, even if subsequently made available by Howmet Aerospace on its website or otherwise. Howmet Aerospace
disclaims any intention or obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements, whether in response to new information, future
events, or otherwise, except as required by applicable law.
8
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Some of the information included in this release is derived from Howmet
Aerospace’s consolidated financial information but is not presented in Howmet Aerospace’s financial statements prepared in
accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). Certain of these data are considered “non-GAAP financial measures” under SEC rules. These non-GAAP financial measures supplement our GAAP disclosures and should
not be considered an alternative to the GAAP measure. Reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures and management’s
rationale for the use of the non-GAAP financial measures can be found in the schedules to this release.
Other Information
In this press release, the acronym “FY” means “full
year”; “Q” means “quarter”; “YoY” means year over year; “Adj.” means adjusted; and
references to performance by Howmet Aerospace or its segments as “record” mean its best result since April 1, 2020 when Howmet
Aerospace Inc. (previously named Arconic Inc.) separated from Arconic Corporation.
9
Howmet Aerospace Inc. and subsidiaries
Statement of Consolidated Operations (unaudited)
(in U.S. dollar millions, except per-share and share amounts)
Quarter ended
December 31, 2024
September 30, 2024
December 31, 2023
Sales
$
1,891
$
1,835
$
1,731
Cost of goods sold (exclusive of expenses below)
1,289
1,253
1,230
Selling, general administrative, and other expenses
77
85
83
Research and development expenses
7
9
9
Provision for depreciation and amortization
73
68
68
Restructuring and other (credits) charges
—
(1
)
15
Operating income
445
421
326
Loss on debt redemption
—
6
1
Interest expense, net
40
44
52
Other expense, net
13
17
3
Income before income taxes
392
354
270
Provision for income taxes
78
22
34
Net income
$
314
$
332
$
236
Amounts Attributable to Howmet Aerospace Common Shareholders:
Earnings per share - basic(1):
Net income per share
$
0.77
$
0.81
$
0.57
Average number of shares(2)(3)
406
408
411
Earnings per share - diluted(1):
Net income per share
$
0.77
$
0.81
$
0.57
Average number of shares(2)(3)
408
410
414
Common stock outstanding at the end of the period
405
407
410
(1)
In order to calculate both basic and diluted earnings per share, preferred stock dividends declared of less than $1 for the quarters
presented need to be subtracted from Net income.
(2)
For the quarters presented, the difference between the diluted average number of shares and the basic average number of shares relates
to share equivalents associated with outstanding restricted stock unit awards and employee stock options.
(3)
As average shares outstanding are used in the calculation of both basic and diluted earnings per share, the full impact of share repurchases
is not fully realized in earnings per share ("EPS") in the period of repurchase since share repurchases may occur at varying
points during a period.
10
Howmet Aerospace Inc. and subsidiaries
Statement of Consolidated Operations (unaudited)
(in U.S. dollar millions, except per-share and share amounts)
For the year ended December 31,
2024
2023
Sales
$
7,430
$
6,640
Cost of goods sold (exclusive of expenses below)
5,119
4,773
Selling, general administrative, and other expenses
347
333
Research and development expenses
33
36
Provision for depreciation and amortization
277
272
Restructuring and other charges
21
23
Operating income
1,633
1,203
Loss on debt redemption
6
2
Interest expense, net
182
218
Other expense, net
62
8
Income before income taxes
1,383
975
Provision for income taxes
228
210
Net income
$
1,155
$
765
Amounts Attributable to Howmet Aerospace Common Shareholders:
Earnings per share - basic(1)(2):
Net income per share
$
2.83
$
1.85
Average number of shares(3)
408
412
Earnings per share - diluted1)(2):
Net income per share
$
2.81
$
1.83
Average number of shares(3)
410
416
(1)
In order to calculate both basic and diluted EPS, preferred stock dividends declared of $2 for the years presented need to be subtracted
from Net income.
(2)
For the years presented, the difference between the diluted average number of shares and the basic average number of shares related
to share equivalents associated with outstanding awards and employee stock options.
(3)
As average shares outstanding are used in the calculation of both basic and diluted earnings per share, the full impact of share repurchases
is not realized in EPS in the year of repurchase for the years presented.
11
Howmet Aerospace Inc. and subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheet (unaudited)
(in U.S. dollar millions)
December 31, 2024
December 31, 2023
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents
$
564
$
610
Receivables from customers, less allowances of $— in both 2024 and 2023
689
675
Other receivables
20
17
Inventories
1,840
1,765
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
249
249
Total current assets
3,362
3,316
Properties, plants, and equipment, net
2,386
2,328
Goodwill
4,010
4,035
Deferred income taxes
35
46
Intangibles, net
475
505
Other noncurrent assets
251
198
Total assets
$
10,519
$
10,428
Liabilities
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable, trade
$
948
$
982
Accrued compensation and retirement costs
305
263
Taxes, including income taxes
60
68
Accrued interest payable
59
65
Other current liabilities
171
200
Short-term debt
6
206
Total current liabilities
1,549
1,784
Long-term debt, less amount due within one year
3,309
3,500
Accrued pension benefits
625
664
Accrued other postretirement benefits
54
92
Other noncurrent liabilities and deferred credits
428
351
Total liabilities
5,965
6,391
Equity
Howmet Aerospace shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock
55
55
Common stock
405
410
Additional capital
3,206
3,682
Retained earnings
2,766
1,720
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(1,878
)
(1,830
)
Total equity
4,554
4,037
Total liabilities and equity
$
10,519
$
10,428
12
Howmet Aerospace and subsidiaries
Statement of Consolidated Cash Flows (unaudited)
(in U.S. dollar millions)
Year ended December 31,
2024
2023
Operating activities
Net income
$
1,155
$
765
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided from operations:
Depreciation and amortization
277
272
Deferred income taxes
55
108
Restructuring and other charges
21
23
Net realized and unrealized losses
25
22
Net periodic pension cost
40
37
Stock-based compensation
63
50
Loss on debt redemption
6
2
Other
1
3
Changes in assets and liabilities, excluding effects of acquisitions, divestitures, and foreign currency translation adjustments:
Increase in receivables
(57
)
(164
)
Increase in inventories
(106
)
(142
)
Increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets
(14
)
(24
)
Decrease in accounts payable, trade
(49
)
(7
)
Increase in accrued expenses
5
37
Decrease in taxes, including income taxes
(14
)
(7
)
Pension contributions
(79
)
(36
)
Increase in noncurrent assets
(3
)
(4
)
Decrease in noncurrent liabilities
(28
)
(34
)
Cash provided from operations
1,298
901
Financing Activities
Additions to debt
500
400
Repurchases and payments on debt
(865
)
(876
)
Debt issuance costs
(5
)
(2
)
Premiums paid on early redemption of debt
(5
)
(1
)
Repurchases of common stock
(500
)
(250
)
Proceeds from exercise of employee stock options
8
11
Dividends paid to shareholders
(109
)
(73
)
Taxes paid for net share settlement of equity awards
(49
)
(77
)
Other
(1
)
—
Cash used for financing activities
(1,026
)
(868
)
Investing Activities
Capital expenditures
(321
)
(219
)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired
(5
)
—
Proceeds from the sale of assets and businesses
9
2
Proceeds from the sales of securities
—
2
Other
1
—
Cash used for investing activities
(316
)
(215
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
(1
)
—
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
(45
)
(182
)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period
610
792
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period
$
565
$
610
13
Howmet Aerospace Inc. and subsidiaries
Segment Information (unaudited)
(in U.S. dollar millions)
1Q23
2Q23
3Q23
4Q23
2023
1Q24
2Q24
3Q24
4Q24
2024
Engine Products
Third-party sales
$
795
$
821
$
798
$
852
$
3,266
$
885
$
933
$
945
$
972
$
3,735
Inter-segment sales
$
2
$
5
$
5
$
1
$
13
$
2
$
1
$
3
$
1
$
7
Provision for depreciation and amortization
$
32
$
32
$
33
$
33
$
130
$
33
$
33
$
34
$
39
$
139
Segment Adjusted EBITDA
$
212
$
223
$
219
$
233
$
887
$
249
$
292
$
307
$
302
$
1,150
Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin
26.7%
27.2%
27.4%
27.3%
27.2%
28.1%
31.3%
32.5%
31.1%
30.8%
Restructuring and other (credits) charges
$
—
$
(1
)
$
—
$
(1
)
$
(2
)
$
—
$
(1
)
$
1
$
1
$
1
Capital expenditures
$
33
$
21
$
30
$
28
$
112
$
55
$
33
$
55
$
76
$
219
Fastening Systems
Third-party sales
$
312
$
329
$
348
$
360
$
1,349
$
389
$
394
$
392
$
401
$
1,576
Inter-segment sales
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
1
$
1
Provision for depreciation and amortization
$
11
$
12
$
12
$
11
$
46
$
11
$
13
$
12
$
11
$
47
Segment Adjusted EBITDA
$
58
$
64
$
76
$
80
$
278
$
92
$
101
$
102
$
111
$
406
Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin
18.6%
19.5%
21.8%
22.2%
20.6%
23.7%
25.6%
26.0%
27.7%
25.8%
Restructuring and other charges
$
—
$
—
$
1
$
—
$
1
$
—
$
2
$
1
$
2
$
5
Capital expenditures
$
9
$
5
$
9
$
8
$
31
$
7
$
5
$
5
$
9
$
26
Engineered Structures
Third-party sales
$
207
$
200
$
227
$
244
$
878
$
262
$
275
$
253
$
275
$
1,065
Inter-segment sales
$
—
$
1
$
—
$
2
$
3
$
1
$
3
$
3
$
3
$
10
Provision for depreciation and amortization
$
12
$
12
$
12
$
11
$
47
$
11
$
11
$
10
$
10
$
42
Segment Adjusted EBITDA
$
30
$
20
$
30
$
33
$
113
$
37
$
40
$
38
$
51
$
166
Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin
14.5%
10.0%
13.2%
13.5%
12.9%
14.1%
14.5%
15.0%
18.5%
15.6%
Restructuring and other charges (credits)
$
1
$
5
$
1
$
14
$
21
$
—
$
14
$
1
$
(3
)
$
12
Capital expenditures
$
10
$
5
$
6
$
5
$
26
$
6
$
5
$
5
$
4
$
20
Forged Wheels
Third-party sales
$
289
$
298
$
285
$
275
$
1,147
$
288
$
278
$
245
$
243
$
1,054
Provision for depreciation and amortization
$
9
$
10
$
10
$
10
$
39
$
10
$
10
$
10
$
12
$
42
Segment Adjusted EBITDA
$
79
$
81
$
77
$
72
$
309
$
82
$
75
$
64
$
66
$
287
Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin
27.3%
27.2%
27.0%
26.2%
26.9%
28.5%
27.0%
26.1%
27.2%
27.2%
Restructuring and other charges
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
—
$
1
$
—
$
1
Capital expenditures
$
9
$
7
$
9
$
11
$
36
$
12
$
9
$
14
$
10
$
45
Differences between the total segment and consolidated
totals are in Corporate.
14
Howmet Aerospace Inc. and subsidiaries
Calculation of Financial Measures (unaudited)
(in U.S. dollar millions)
Reconciliation of Total Segment Adjusted EBITDA to Consolidated Income Before Income Taxes
1Q23
2Q23
3Q23
4Q23
2023
1Q24
2Q24
3Q24
4Q24
2024
Income before income taxes
$
220
$
243
$
242
$
270
$
975
$
303
$
334
$
354
$
392
$
1,383
Loss on debt redemption
1
—
—
1
2
—
—
6
—
6
Interest expense, net
57
55
54
52
218
49
49
44
40
182
Other expense (income), net
7
(13
)
11
3
8
17
15
17
13
62
Operating income
$
285
$
285
$
307
$
326
$
1,203
$
369
$
398
$
421
$
445
$
1,633
Segment provision for depreciation and amortization
64
66
67
65
262
65
67
66
72
270
Unallocated amounts:
Restructuring and other charges (credits)
1
3
4
15
23
—
22
(1
)
—
21
Corporate expense(1)
29
34
24
12
99
26
21
25
13
85
Total Segment Adjusted EBITDA
$
379
$
388
$
402
$
418
$
1,587
$
460
$
508
$
511
$
530
$
2,009
Total Segment Adjusted
EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure. Management believes that this measure is meaningful to investors because Total Segment Adjusted
EBITDA provides additional information with respect to the Company's operating performance and the Company’s ability to meet its
financial obligations. The Total Segment Adjusted EBITDA presented may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies.
Howmet’s definition of Total Segment Adjusted EBITDA (Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization) is net margin
plus an add-back for depreciation and amortization. Net margin is equivalent to Sales minus the following items: Cost of goods sold; Selling,
general administrative, and other expenses; Research and development expenses; and Provision for depreciation and amortization. Special
items, including Restructuring and other charges (credits), are excluded from net margin and Segment Adjusted EBITDA. Differences between
the total segment and consolidated totals are in Corporate.
(1) Pre-tax special items included in Corporate expense
1Q23
2Q23
3Q23
4Q23
2023
1Q24
2Q24
3Q24
4Q24
2024
Plant fire costs (reimbursements), net
$
4
$
(4
)
$
1
$
(13
)
$
(12
)
$
—
$
(6
)
$
—
$
(12
)
$
(18
)
Collective bargaining agreement negotiation
—
7
1
—
8
—
—
—
—
—
Costs (benefits) associated with closures, supply chain disruptions, and other items
1
9
1
2
13
1
—
(1
)
1
1
Total Pre-tax special items included in Corporate expense
$
5
$
12
$
3
$
(11
)
$
9
$
1
$
(6
)
$
(1
)
$
(11
)
$
(17
)
15
Howmet Aerospace Inc. and subsidiaries
Calculation of Financial Measures (unaudited), continued
(in U.S. dollars millions)
Reconciliation of Free cash flow
Quarter ended
Year ended
1Q24
2Q24
3Q24
4Q24
4Q24
Cash provided from operations
$
177
$
397
$
244
$
480
$
1,298
Capital expenditures
(82
)
(55
)
(82
)
(102
)
(321
)
Free cash flow (a)
$
95
$
342
$
162
$
378
$
977
Net income (b)
$
243
$
266
$
332
$
314
$
1,155
Free cash flow conversion as a percentage of Net income(1) (a)/(b)
85
%
Net income excluding Special items(2) (c)
$
238
$
276
$
290
$
303
$
1,107
Free cash flow conversion as a percentage of Net income excluding Special items(1) (a)/(c)
88
%
The Accounts Receivable Securitization program remains unchanged at
$250 outstanding.
Free cash flow and Free cash flow conversion as a percentage of Net
income excluding Special items are non-GAAP financial measures. Management believes that these measures are meaningful to investors because
management reviews cash flows generated from operations after taking into consideration capital expenditures (due to the fact that these
expenditures are considered necessary to maintain and expand the Company's asset base and are expected to generate future cash flows from
operations). It is important to note that Free cash flow does not represent the residual cash flow available for discretionary expenditures
since other non-discretionary expenditures, such as mandatory debt service requirements, are not deducted from the measure.
(1)
We compute free cash flow conversion on an annual basis only due to the cycle of our business.
(2)
Please refer to the Reconciliation of Net income excluding Special items for the reconciliation from Net income to Net income excluding
Special items.
16
Howmet Aerospace Inc. and subsidiaries
Calculation of Financial Measures (unaudited), continued
(in U.S. dollar millions, except per-share and share amounts)
Reconciliation of Net income excluding Special items
Quarter ended
Year ended
4Q23
3Q24
4Q24
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2024
Net income
$
236
$
332
$
314
$
765
$
1,155
Diluted earnings per share ("EPS")
$
0.57
$
0.81
$
0.77
$
1.83
$
2.81
Special items:
Restructuring and other charges (credits)
15
(1
)
—
23
21
Loss on debt redemption and related costs
1
6
—
2
6
Plant fire reimbursements, net
(13
)
—
(12
)
(12
)
(18
)
Collective bargaining agreement negotiations
—
—
—
8
—
Settlement from legal proceeding(1)
—
—
—
(24
)
—
Costs (benefits) associated with closures, supply chain disruptions, and other items
2
(1
)
1
13
1
Subtotal: Pre-tax special items(2)
5
4
(11
)
10
10
Tax impact of Pre-tax special items(3)
—
(1
)
2
—
1
Subtotal
5
3
(9
)
10
11
Discrete and other tax special items(4)
(23
)
(45
)
(2
)
(9
)
(59
)
Total: After-tax special items
(18
)
(42
)
(11
)
1
(48
)
Net income excluding Special items
$
218
$
290
$
303
$
766
$
1,107
Diluted EPS excluding Special items
$
0.53
$
0.71
$
0.74
$
1.84
$
2.69
Average number of shares - diluted EPS excluding Special items
414
410
408
416
410
Net income excluding Special
items and Diluted EPS excluding Special items are non-GAAP financial measures. Management believes that these measures are meaningful
to investors because management reviews the operating results of the Company excluding the impacts of Restructuring and other charges
(credits), Discrete tax items, and Other special items (collectively, “Special items”). There can be no assurances that additional
Special items will not occur in future periods. To compensate for this limitation, management believes that it is appropriate to consider
both Net income and Diluted EPS determined under GAAP as well as Net income excluding Special items and Diluted EPS excluding Special
items.
(1)
Year ended December 31, 2023 related to the reversal in the second quarter of 2023 of $25, net of legal fees of $1, of the $65 pre-tax
charge taken in the third quarter of 2022 related to the Lehman Brothers International Europe legal proceeding.
(2)
The Tax impact of Pre-tax special items is based on the applicable statutory rates whereby the difference between such rates and the
Company’s consolidated estimated annual effective tax rate is itself a Special item.
(3)
Year ended December 31, 2023 included costs for site closures and inventory disposal, an impact from supply disruptions, and remediation
and separation expenses.
(4)
Discrete tax items for the quarter ended December 31, 2024, year ended December 31, 2023, and year ended December 31, 2024 are discussed
further in the Reconciliation of the Operational Tax Rate. Discrete tax items for the remaining periods included the following:
•
for the quarter ended December 31, 2023, a benefit to release a valuation allowance related to U.S. foreign tax credits ($14), a net
benefit for other small items ($4), a benefit to release a valuation allowance related to U.S. state tax losses and tax credits ($2),
and a benefit to revalue deferred taxes for changes to apportioned U.S. state tax rates ($2); and
•
for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, a net benefit related to additional U.S. federal and state research and development ("R&D")
credits claimed for prior years upon completion of the Company's R&D study ($44), and an excess tax benefit for stock compensation
($2).
17
Howmet Aerospace Inc. and subsidiaries
Calculation of Financial Measures (unaudited), continued
(in U.S. dollar millions)
Reconciliation of
4Q24
YTD 2023
YTD 2024
Operational tax rate
Effective tax rate, as reported
Special items(1)(3)
Operational tax rate, as adjusted
Effective tax rate, as reported
Special items(2)(3)
Operational tax rate, as adjusted
Effective tax rate, as reported
Special items(2)(3)
Operational tax rate, as adjusted
Income before income taxes
$
392
$
(11
)
$
381
$
975
$
10
$
985
$
1,383
$
10
$
1,393
Provision for income taxes
$
78
$
—
$
78
$
210
$
9
$
219
$
228
$
58
$
286
Tax rate
19.9
%
20.5
%
21.5
%
22.2
%
16.5
%
20.5
%
Operational tax rate is a non-GAAP financial measure. Management believes
that this measure is meaningful to investors because management reviews the operating results of the Company excluding the impacts of
Special items. There can be no assurances that additional Special items will not occur in future periods. To compensate for this limitation,
management believes that it is appropriate to consider both the Effective tax rate determined under GAAP as well as the Operational tax
rate.
(1)
Pre-tax special items for 4Q24 included Plant fire reimbursements, net ($12), partially offset by Costs associated with closures,
supply chain disruptions, and other items $1.
(2)
Pre-tax special items for YTD 2023 included Restructuring and other charges $23, Costs associated with closures, supply chain disruptions,
and other items $13, costs related to Collective bargaining agreement negotiations $8, and Loss on debt redemption and related costs $2,
partially offset by Net settlement from legal proceeding ($24) and Plant fire reimbursements, net ($12). Pre-tax special items for YTD
2024 included Restructuring and other charges $21, Loss on debt redemption $6, Costs associated with closures, supply chain disruptions,
and other items $1, partially offset by Plant fire reimbursements, net ($18).
(3)
Tax Special items includes discrete tax items, the tax impact on Special items based on the applicable statutory rates, the difference
between such rates and the Company’s consolidated estimated annual effective tax rate and other tax related items. Discrete tax
items for each period included the following:
•
for 4Q24, a benefit to release a valuation allowance related to U.S. state tax losses and credits ($6), an excess tax benefit for
stock compensation ($1), a charge for prior year audit assessments and tax adjustments $4, and a charge to adjust a valuation allowance
related to U.S. foreign tax credits $2; and
•
for YTD 2023, a charge for a tax reserve established in France $20, a benefit to release a valuation allowance related to U.S. foreign
tax credits ($14), an excess benefit for stock compensation ($9), a benefit to release a valuation allowance related to U.S. state tax
losses and tax credits ($2), a benefit to revalue deferred taxes for changes to apportioned U.S. state tax rates ($2), and a net benefit
for other small items ($2); and
•
for YTD 2024, a net benefit related to additional U.S. federal and state research and development ("R&D") credits claimed
for prior years upon completion of the Company's R&D study ($44), an excess tax benefit for stock compensation ($10), a benefit to
release a valuation allowance related to U.S. state tax losses and credits ($6), a benefit to release a valuation allowance related to
U.S foreign tax credits ($4), a net charge for prior year audit assessments and tax adjustments $4, and a charge for other small items
$1.
18
Howmet Aerospace Inc. and subsidiaries
Calculation of Financial Measures (unaudited), continued
(in U.S. dollars millions)
Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted
Quarter ended
Year ended
EBITDA margin excluding Special items
4Q23
3Q24
4Q24
4Q23
4Q24
Sales
$
1,731
$
1,835
$
1,891
$
6,640
$
7,430
Operating income
$
326
$
421
$
445
$
1,203
$
1,633
Operating income margin
18.8
%
22.9
%
23.5
%
18.1
%
22.0
%
Net income
$
236
$
332
$
314
$
765
$
1,155
Add:
Provision for income taxes
$
34
$
22
$
78
$
210
$
228
Other expense, net
3
17
13
8
62
Loss on debt redemption
1
6
—
2
6
Interest expense, net
52
44
40
218
182
Restructuring and other charges (credits)
15
(1
)
—
23
21
Provision for depreciation and amortization
68
68
73
272
277
Adjusted EBITDA
$
409
$
488
$
518
$
1,498
$
1,931
Add:
Plant fire reimbursements, net
$
(13
)
$
—
$
(12
)
$
(12
)
$
(18
)
Collective bargaining agreement negotiations
—
—
—
8
—
Costs (benefits) associated with closures, supply chain disruptions, and other items
2
(1
)
1
14
1
Adjusted EBITDA excluding Special items
$
398
$
487
$
507
$
1,508
$
1,914
Adjusted EBITDA margin excluding Special items
23.0
%
26.5
%
26.8
%
22.7
%
25.8
%
Incremental margin
Quarter ended
Year Ended
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2024
Q4 2024 YoY
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2024
FY 2024 YoY
Third-party sales (a)
$1,731
$1,891
$160
$6,640
$7,430
$790
Operating income (b)
$326
$445
$119
$1,203
$1,633
$430
Adjusted EBITDA excluding Special items (c)
$398
$507
$109
$1,508
$1,914
$406
Incremental operating income margin (b)/(a)
74%
54%
Incremental margin (c)/(a)
68%
51%
Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA excluding Special items, Adjusted
EBITDA margin excluding Special items, Third-party sales, and Incremental margin are non-GAAP financial measures. Management believes
that these measures are meaningful to investors because they provide additional information with respect to the Company's operating performance
and the Company’s ability to meet its financial obligations. The Adjusted EBITDA presented may not be comparable to similarly titled
measures of other companies. The Company's definition of Adjusted EBITDA (Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization)
is net margin plus an add-back for depreciation and amortization. Net margin is equivalent to Sales minus the following items: Cost of
goods sold, Selling, general administrative, and other expenses, Research and development expenses, and Provision for depreciation and
amortization. Special items, including Restructuring and other charges (credits), are excluded from Adjusted EBITDA.
19
Howmet Aerospace Inc. and subsidiaries
Calculation of Financial Measures (unaudited), continued
(in U.S. dollar millions)
Reconciliation of Adjusted Operating Income Excluding
Quarter ended
Year ended
Special Items and Adjusted Operating Income Margin
Excluding Special Items
4Q23
3Q24
4Q24
December 31, 2023
December 31, 2024
Sales
$
1,731
$
1,835
$
1,891
$
6,640
$
7,430
Operating income
$
326
$
421
$
445
$
1,203
$
1,633
Operating income margin
18.8
%
22.9
%
23.5
%
18.1
%
22.0
%
Add:
Restructuring and other charges (credits)
$
15
$
(1
)
$
—
$
23
$
21
Plant fire reimbursements, net
(13
)
—
(12
)
(12
)
(18
)
Collective bargaining agreement negotiations
—
—
—
8
—
Costs (benefits) associated with closures, supply chain disruptions, and other items
2
(1
)
1
14
1
Adjusted operating income excluding Special items
$
330
$
419
$
434
$
1,236
$
1,637
Adjusted operating income margin excluding Special items
19.1
%
22.8
%
23.0
%
18.6
%
22.0
%
Adjusted operating income excluding Special items and Adjusted operating
income margin excluding Special items are non-GAAP financial measures. Management believes that these measures are meaningful to investors
because management reviews the operating results of the Company excluding the impacts of Special items. There can be no assurances that
additional Special items will not occur in future periods. To compensate for this limitation, management believes that it is appropriate
to consider both Operating income determined under GAAP as well as Operating income excluding Special items.
20
Mentions · how they’re counted
| Category | Underlined | Word counter | Model’s count |
|---|---|---|---|
| AI AI, artificial intelligence, generative AI, machine learning, large language model, LLM | 0 | — | — |
| Layoffs layoffs, RIF, headcount reduction, workforce optimization, restructuring | 22 | — | — |
| Recession recession, downturn, contraction, slowdown | 0 | — | — |
| Tariffs tariff, trade war, trade barriers, trade restrictions, trade policy | 0 | — | — |
| Buybacks share repurchase, buyback program | 7 | — | — |
Underlines use the same word lists the scores use. AI, recession and tariffs follow Palanor’s word counter, so those counts match it exactly on the same text. Layoffs and buybacks use the terms the model was given. The model’s count is an estimate by meaning, not by string, so it can differ from the underlines.
Source: SEC EDGAR · public domain · Highlights by Palanor