Corning Inc. · Earnings release

News Release

Corning Announces Outstanding Second-Quarter 2025 Financial Results(1)

Highlighted by Record Core Sales and Core EPS

Company exceeded Q2 guidance, delivering strong sales growth and powerful incrementals:

YoY, core sales grew 12%, core operating margin expanded 160 bps, core EPS grew 28%, and adjusted free cash flow grew 28%

Optical Communications’ Enterprise sales grew 81% year over year on continued

strong demand for new Gen AI products

For Q3, management expects continued strong performance on its Springboard plan, with double-digit YoY core sales growth to $4.2 billion and profit again growing faster than sales, with core EPS in a range of $0.63 to $0.67

(1) Second-quarter GAAP results: Sales were $3.86 billion, EPS was $0.54, operating margin was 14.8%, and GAAP operating cash flow was $708 million. Second-quarter core results: Sales were $4.05 billion, EPS was $0.60, operating margin was 19%, and adjusted free cash flow was $451 million.

CORNING, N.Y. — Corning Incorporated (NYSE: GLW) today announced its second-quarter 2025 results and provided its outlook for third-quarter 2025.

Wendell P. Weeks, chairman and chief executive officer, said, “We delivered an outstanding second quarter, with core sales up 12% year over year to $4.05 billion and core EPS growing more than double that rate to $0.60. Overall, key secular trends and our ‘More Corning’ content strategy drove demand for our capabilities, and we continued to capture the powerful profitable growth outlined in our recently upgraded Springboard plan.”

Weeks continued, “Looking ahead, we expect our strong Springboard performance to continue. We’re seeing remarkable customer response to both our new Gen AI and U.S.-made solar products. And we’re driving more Corning content into our Mobile Consumer Electronics, Display, Automotive, and Optical Communications platforms. We also expect an additional growth driver to emerge in the coming months, as new and existing customers seek to leverage our large U.S. advanced manufacturing footprint. In total, we are positioned to deliver durable growth that will serve us well through 2026 and beyond.”

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Corning Reports Second-Quarter 2025 Financial Results

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Ed Schlesinger, executive vice president and chief financial officer, said, “Our excellent second-quarter results exceeded guidance, and we again demonstrated our ability to significantly enhance our return profile as we execute Springboard. Year over year, core sales grew 12% while core operating margin expanded 160 basis points to 19%, core EPS grew 28%, and core ROIC grew 210 basis points to 13.1%. Additionally, adjusted free cash flow grew 28% year over year to $451 million.”

Schlesinger continued, “G1G2For the third quarter, we expect continued strong performance on our Springboard plan and double-digit sales and earnings growth year over year, with core sales of $4.2 billion and core EPS in a range of $0.63 to $0.67. Our guidance factors in about $0.01 to $0.02 for the impact of currently enacted tariffs, along with $0.02 to $0.03 of temporarily higher cost as we ramp to meet increased demand for our new Gen AI and U.S.-made solar products.”

Second-Quarter 2025 Financial Highlights:

•GAAP sales were $3.86 billion. Core sales were $4.05 billion.

•GAAP EPS was $0.54. Core EPS was $0.60. The difference between GAAP and core EPS primarily reflected non-cash, mark-to-market adjustments associated with the company’s translated earnings contracts and foreign-denominated debt and also reflected constant currency adjustments.

•GAAP gross margin was 36.0% and core gross margin was 38.4%, reflecting 680-basis-point and 50-basis-point year-over-year improvements, respectively.

•GAAP operating cash flow was $708 million, and adjusted free cash flow was $451 million, both up year over year.

Third-Quarter 2025 Outlook:

•In the third quarter, management expects continued strong performance on its Springboard plan and double-digit sales and earnings growth year over year, with core sales of $4.2 billion and profit again growing faster than sales, with core EPS in a range of $0.63 to $0.67. Third-quarter guidance factors in about $0.01 to $0.02 for the impact of currently enacted tariffs, along with $0.02 to $0.03 of temporarily higher cost as production ramps to meet increased demand for new Gen AI and U.S.-made solar products.

Second-Quarter 2025 Results and Comparisons

(In millions, except per-share amounts)

Results (GAAP)

Q/Q

Y/Y

Net Sales

%

%

Net Income (1)

%

%

Diluted EPS

%

%

(1)Represents GAAP net income attributable to Corning Incorporated.

Core Results (Non-GAAP)(1)

Q/Q

Y/Y

Core Sales

%

%

Core Net Income

%

%

Core EPS

%

%

(1)Core performance measures are non-GAAP financial measures. The reconciliation between GAAP and non-GAAP measures is provided in the tables following this news release as well as on the company’s website.

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Corning Reports Second-Quarter 2025 Financial Results

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Second-Quarter 2025 Segment Results

(In millions)

The second-quarter results below are prepared on a basis consistent with Corning’s segment reporting as presented in the company’s consolidated financial statements.

As of Jan. 1, 2025, the company moved its Automotive Glass Solutions business along with its Environmental Technologies business into a new Automotive segment. The comparative segment information has been recast to conform to the changes in Corning’s segment reporting.

Optical Communications

Q/Q

Y/Y

Net Sales

%

%

Net Income

%

%

Display

Q/Q

Y/Y

Net Sales

(1

%)

%)

Net Income

—

%

(6

%)

Specialty Materials

Q/Q

Y/Y

Net Sales

9

%

9

%

Net Income

9

%

%

Automotive

Q/Q

Y/Y

Net Sales

5

%

(4

%)

Net Income

%

%

Life Sciences

Q/Q

Y/Y

Net Sales

7

%

—

%

Net Income

%

6

%

Hemlock and Emerging Growth Businesses

Q/Q

Y/Y

Net Sales

%

%

Net (Loss) Income

$3

%

*

*Not meaningful

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Corning Reports Second-Quarter 2025 Financial Results

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Upcoming Investor Events

Corning will attend Citi’s 2025 Global TMT Conference on Sept. 4, 2025. In addition, the company will schedule management visits to investor offices in select cities. Visit the company’s Investor Relations website for up-to-date information.

Second-Quarter Conference Call Information

The company will host its second-quarter conference call on Tuesday, July 29, at 8:30 a.m. EDT. To participate, individuals may preregister here prior to the start of the call. Once the required fields are completed, click “Register.” A telephone number and PIN will be auto generated and will pop up on screen. Participants will have the choice to “Dial In” or have the system “Call Me.” A confirmation email will also be sent with specific dial-in information. To listen to a live audio webcast of the call, go to the company’s Investor Relations events page and follow the instructions.

Presentation of Information in this News Release

This news release includes non-GAAP financial measures. Non-GAAP financial measures are not in accordance with, or an alternative to, GAAP. Corning’s non-GAAP financial measures exclude the impact of items that are driven by general economic conditions and events that do not reflect the underlying fundamentals and trends in the company’s operations. The company believes presenting non-GAAP financial measures assists in analyzing financial performance without the impact of items that may obscure trends in the company’s underlying performance. Definitions of these non-GAAP financial measures and reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures can be found on the company’s website by going to the Investor Relations page and clicking “Quarterly Results” under the “Financials and Filings” tab. These reconciliations also accompany this news release.

With respect to the outlook for future periods, it is not possible to provide reconciliations for these non-GAAP measures because management does not forecast the movement of foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar, or other items that do not reflect ongoing operations, nor does it forecast items that have not yet occurred or are out of management’s control. As a result, management is unable to provide outlook information on a GAAP basis.

Caution Concerning Forward-Looking Statements

The statements contained in this release and related comments by management that are not historical facts or information and contain words such as “will,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “seek,” “see,” “would,” “target,” “estimate,” “forecast” or similar expressions are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and include estimates and assumptions related to economic, competitive and legislative developments. Such statements relate to future events that by their nature address matters that are, to different degrees, uncertain. These forward-looking statements relate to, among other things, the Company’s Springboard plan, the company’s future operating performance, the company’s share of new and existing markets, the company’s revenue and earnings growth rates, the company’s ability to innovate and commercialize new products, the company’s expected capital expenditure and the company’s implementation of cost-reduction initiatives and measures to improve pricing, including the optimization of the company’s manufacturing capacity.

Although the company believes that these forward-looking statements are based upon reasonable assumptions regarding, among other things, current estimates and forecasts, general economic conditions, its knowledge of its business and key performance indicators that impact the company, there can be no assurance that these forward-looking statements will prove to be accurate, as actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such statements. The company undertakes no obligation to update forward-looking

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Corning Reports Second-Quarter 2025 Financial Results

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statements if circumstances or management’s estimates or opinions should change except as required by applicable securities laws.

Some of the risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: global economic trends, competition and geopolitical risks, or an escalation of sanctions, tariffs or other trade tensions between the U.S. and other countries, and related impacts on our businesses’ global supply chains and strategies; changes in macroeconomic and market conditions and market volatility, including developments and volatility arising from health crisis events, inflation, interest rates, the value of securities and other financial assets, precious metals, oil, natural gas, raw materials and other commodity prices and exchange rates (particularly between the U.S. dollar and the Japanese yen, South Korean won, Chinese yuan, New Taiwan dollar, Mexican peso and euro), decreases or sudden increases of consumer demand, and the impact of such changes and volatility on our financial position and businesses; the availability of or adverse changes relating to government grants, tax credits or other government incentives; the duration and severity of health crisis events, such as an epidemic or pandemic, and its impact across our businesses on demand, personnel, operations, our global supply chains and stock price; possible disruption in commercial activities or our supply chain due to terrorist activity, cyber-attack, armed conflict, political or financial instability, natural disasters, international trade disputes or major health concerns; loss of intellectual property due to theft, cyber-attack, or disruption to our information technology infrastructure; ability to enforce patents and protect intellectual property and trade secrets; disruption to Corning’s, our suppliers’ and manufacturers’ supply chain, equipment, facilities, IT systems or operations; product demand and industry capacity; competitive products and pricing; availability and costs of critical components, materials, equipment, natural resources and utilities; new product development and commercialization; order activity and demand from major customers; the amount and timing of our cash flows and earnings and other conditions, which may affect our ability to pay our quarterly dividend at the planned level or to repurchase shares at planned levels; the amount and timing of any future dividends; the effects of acquisitions, dispositions and other similar transactions; the effect of regulatory and legal developments; ability to pace capital spending to anticipated levels of customer demand; our ability to increase margins through implementation of operational changes, pricing actions and cost reduction measures; rate of technology change; adverse litigation; product and component performance issues; retention of key personnel; customer ability to maintain profitable operations and obtain financing to fund ongoing operations and manufacturing expansions and pay receivables when due; loss of significant customers; changes in tax laws, regulations and international tax standards; the impacts of audits by taxing authorities; the potential impact of legislation, government regulations, and other government action and investigations; and other risks detailed in Corning’s SEC filings.

For a complete listing of risks and other factors, please reference the risk factors and forward-looking statements described in our annual reports on Form 10-K and quarterly reports on Form 10-Q.

Web Disclosure

In accordance with guidance provided by the SEC regarding the use of company websites and social media channels to disclose material information, Corning Incorporated (“Corning”) wishes to notify investors, media, and other interested parties that it uses its website (https://www.corning.com/worldwide/en/about-us/news-events.html) to publish important information about the company, including information that may be deemed material to investors, or supplemental to information contained in this or other press releases. The list of websites and social media channels that the company uses may be updated on Corning’s media and website from time to time. Corning encourages investors, media, and other interested parties to review the information Corning may publish through its website and social media channels as described above, in addition to the company’s SEC filings, press releases, conference calls, and webcasts.

5

Corning Reports Second-Quarter 2025 Financial Results

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About Corning Incorporated

Corning (www.corning.com) is one of the world’s leading innovators in materials science, with a 170-year track record of life-changing inventions. Corning applies its unparalleled expertise in glass science, ceramic science, and optical physics along with its deep manufacturing and engineering capabilities to develop category-defining products that transform industries and enhance people’s lives. Corning succeeds through sustained investment in RD&E, a unique combination of material and process innovation, and deep, trust-based relationships with customers who are global leaders in their industries. Corning’s capabilities are versatile and synergistic, which allows the company to evolve to meet changing market needs, while also helping its customers capture new opportunities in dynamic industries. Today, Corning’s markets include optical communications, mobile consumer electronics, display, automotive, solar, semiconductors, and life sciences.

Media Relations Contact:

Gabrielle Bailey

baileygr@corning.com

Investor Relations Contact:

Ann H.S. Nicholson

nicholsoas@corning.com

6

Consolidated Statements of Income

Corning Incorporated and Subsidiary Companies

(Unaudited; in millions, except per share amounts)

Three months ended

Six months ended

Net sales

$

$

$

$

Cost of sales

Gross margin

Operating expenses:

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Research, development and engineering expenses

Amortization of purchased intangibles

Operating income

Interest income

5

Interest expense

Translated earnings contract gain, net

Other (expense) income, net

Income before income taxes

Provision for income taxes

Net income

Net income attributable to non-controlling interest

Net income attributable to Corning Incorporated

$

$

$

$

Earnings per common share available to common shareholders:

Basic

$

$

$

$

Diluted

$

$

$

$

7

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Corning Incorporated and Subsidiary Companies

(Unaudited; in millions, except share and per share amounts)

Assets

Current assets:

Cash and cash equivalents

$

$

Trade accounts receivable, net of doubtful accounts

Inventories

Other current assets

Total current assets

Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation

Goodwill

Other intangible assets, net

Deferred income taxes

Other assets

Total Assets

$

$

Liabilities and Equity

Current liabilities:

Current portion of long-term debt and short-term borrowings

$

$

Accounts payable

Other accrued liabilities

Total current liabilities

Long-term debt

Postretirement benefits other than pensions

Other liabilities

Total liabilities

Commitments and contingencies

Shareholders’ equity:

Common stock – Par value $0.50 per share; Shares authorized 3.8 billion;

Shares issued: 1.8 billion and 1.8 billion

Additional paid-in capital – common stock

Retained earnings

Treasury stock, at cost; Shares held: 991 million and 987 million

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

Total Corning Incorporated shareholders’ equity

Non-controlling interest

Total equity

Total Liabilities and Equity

$

$

8

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Corning Incorporated and Subsidiary Companies

(Unaudited; in millions)

Three months ended

Six months ended

Cash Flows from Operating Activities:

Net income

$

$

$

$

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by

operating activities:

Depreciation

Amortization of purchased intangibles

Loss on disposal of assets, net

2

5

Share-based compensation expense

Translation loss (gain) on foreign denominated debt, net

Deferred tax provision (benefit)

(9)

1

Translated earnings contract gain, net

Changes in assets and liabilities:

Trade accounts receivable

Inventories

(3)

Other current assets

Accounts payable and other current liabilities

Customer deposits and government incentives

7

Deferred income

Other, net

Net cash provided by operating activities

Cash Flows from Investing Activities:

Capital expenditures

Realized gains on translated earnings contracts and other

Other, net

Net cash used in investing activities

Cash Flows from Financing Activities:

Repayments of debt

(5)

Proceeds from issuance of debt

Proceeds from cross currency swap

Payments of employee withholding tax on stock awards

Proceeds from exercise of stock options

1

Purchases of common stock for treasury

Dividends paid

Other, net

(7)

Net cash used in financing activities

Effect of exchange rates on cash

(9)

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

$

$

$

$

9

Corning Incorporated and Subsidiary Companies

GAAP Earnings per Common Share

(Unaudited; in millions, except per share amounts)

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share:

Three months ended

Six months ended

Net income attributable to Corning Incorporated

$

$

$

$

Weighted-average common shares outstanding – basic

Effect of dilutive securities:

Stock options and other awards

Weighted-average common shares outstanding - diluted

Basic earnings per common share

$

$

$

$

Diluted earnings per common share

$

$

$

$

Core Earnings per Share

(Unaudited; in millions, except per share amounts)

The following table sets forth the computation of core earnings per share:

Three months ended

Six months ended

Core net income

$

$

$

$

Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic

Effect of dilutive securities:

Stock options and other awards

Weighted-average common shares outstanding - diluted

Core earnings per share

$

$

$

$

CORE PERFORMANCE MEASURES

In managing the Company and assessing our financial performance, we adjust certain measures included in our consolidated financial statements to exclude specific items to arrive at measures that are not calculated in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and exclude specific items that are non-recurring, related to foreign exchange volatility, or unrelated to continuing operations. These measures are our core performance measures.

Management uses core performance measures, along with GAAP financial measures, to make financial and operational decisions and certain of these measures also form the basis of our compensation program metrics. Management believes that our core performance measures are indicative of our core operating performance and provide investors with greater visibility into how management evaluates our results and trends and makes business decisions. These measures are not, and should not be viewed as a substitute for, GAAP reporting measures.

Items that are excluded from certain core performance calculations include: the impact of translating the foreign denominated debt, the impact of the translated earnings contracts, acquisition-related costs, certain discrete tax items and other tax-related adjustments, restructuring, impairment and other charges and credits, certain litigation, regulatory and other legal matters, pension mark-to-market adjustments and other items which do not reflect the ongoing operating results of the Company.

In addition, because a significant portion of our revenues and expenses are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, management believes it is important to understand the impact on sales and net income of translating these currencies into U.S. dollars. Therefore, management utilizes constant-currency reporting for the Optical Communications, Display, Specialty Materials, Automotive and Life Sciences segments to exclude the impact from the Japanese yen, South Korean won, Chinese yuan, New Taiwan dollar, Mexican peso and euro, as applicable to the segment. The most significant constant-currency adjustment relates to the Japanese yen exposure within the Display segment. The constant-currency rates established for our core performance measures are long-term management-determined rates, which are closely aligned with our hedging instrument rates.

These hedging instruments may include, but are not limited to, foreign exchange forward or option contracts and foreign-denominated debt. For details of the rates used, refer to the footnotes to the “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures” section. We believe that the use of constant-currency reporting allows management to understand our results without the volatility of currency fluctuations, analyze underlying trends in the businesses and establish operational goals and forecasts.

For a reconciliation of non-GAAP performance measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, refer to “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures.” With respect to the outlook for future periods, it is not possible to provide reconciliations for these non-GAAP measures because management does not forecast the movement of foreign currencies against the U.S. dollar, or other items that do not reflect ongoing operations, nor does it forecast items that have not yet occurred or are out of management’s control. As a result, management is unable to provide outlook information on a GAAP basis.

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures

Corning Incorporated and Subsidiary Companies

(Unaudited; in millions, except per share amounts)

Net sales

Income before income taxes

Net income attributable to Corning Incorporated

Effective tax rate (a)(b)

Per Share

As reported - GAAP

$

$

$

%

$

Constant-currency adjustment (1)

Translation loss on foreign denominated debt, net (2)

Translated earnings contract gain, net (3)

Acquisition-related costs (4)

Discrete tax items and other tax-related adjustments (5)

Restructuring, impairment and other charges and credits (6)

1

1

Litigation, regulatory and other legal matters (7)

(3)

(2)

Pension mark-to-market adjustment (8)

Gain on investments (9)

(6)

(6)

Loss on sale of assets (10)

1

1

Equity in losses of affiliated companies (11)

9

Core performance measures

$

$

$

%

$

(a)Based upon statutory tax rates in the specific jurisdiction for each event.

(b)The calculation of the effective tax rate (“ETR”) for GAAP and Core excludes net income attributable to non-controlling interest (“NCI”) of approximately $31 million and $32 million, respectively.

Net sales

Income before income taxes

Net income attributable to Corning Incorporated

Effective tax rate (a)(b)

Per Share

As reported - GAAP

$

$

$

%

$

Constant-currency adjustment (1)

Translation gain on foreign denominated debt, net (2)

Translated earnings contract gain, net (3)

Acquisition-related costs (4)

Discrete tax items and other tax-related adjustments (5)

4

Restructuring, impairment and other charges and credits (6)

Pension mark-to-market adjustment (8)

3

3

Loss on investments (9)

7

6

Loss on sale of assets (10)

7

Core performance measures

$

$

$

%

$

(a)Based upon statutory tax rates in the specific jurisdiction for each event.

(b)The calculation of the ETR for GAAP and Core excludes net income attributable to NCI of approximately $18 million and $21 million, respectively.

Refer to “Items Adjusted from GAAP Measures” for the descriptions of the footnoted reconciling items.

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures

Corning Incorporated and Subsidiary Companies

(Unaudited; in millions, except per share amounts)

Net sales

Income before income taxes

Net income attributable to Corning Incorporated

Effective tax rate (a)(b)

Per Share

As reported - GAAP

$

$

$

%

$

Constant-currency adjustment (1)

Translation loss on foreign denominated debt, net (2)

Translated earnings contract gain, net (3)

Acquisition-related costs (4)

Discrete tax items and other tax-related adjustments (5)

Restructuring, impairment and other charges and credits (6)

(6)

(4)

Litigation, regulatory and other legal matters (7)

7

5

Pension mark-to-market adjustment (8)

Gain on investments (9)

(1)

(1)

Loss on sale of assets (10)

5

4

Equity in losses of affiliated companies (11)

9

Loss on sale of business (12)

7

Core performance measures

$

$

$

%

$

(a)Based upon statutory tax rates in the specific jurisdiction for each event.

(b)The calculation of the effective tax rate (“ETR”) for GAAP and Core excludes net income attributable to non-controlling interest (“NCI”) of approximately $59 million and $61 million, respectively.

Net sales

Income before income taxes

Net income attributable to Corning Incorporated

Effective tax rate (a)(b)

Per Share

As reported - GAAP

$

$

$

%

$

Constant-currency adjustment (1)

Translation gain on foreign denominated debt, net (2)

Translated earnings contract gain, net (3)

Acquisition-related costs (4)

Discrete tax items and other tax-related adjustments (5)

Restructuring, impairment and other charges and credits (6)

Litigation, regulatory and other legal matters (7)

(5)

(4)

Pension mark-to-market adjustment (8)

Loss on investments (9)

Loss on sale of assets (10)

7

Core performance measures

$

$

$

%

$

(a)Based upon statutory tax rates in the specific jurisdiction for each event.

(b)The calculation of the ETR for GAAP and Core excludes net income attributable to NCI of approximately $34 million and $38 million, respectively.

Refer to “Items Adjusted from GAAP Measures” for the descriptions of the footnoted reconciling items.

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures

Corning Incorporated and Subsidiary Companies

(Unaudited; in millions)

Gross

margin

Gross

margin %

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Research, development and engineering expenses

Operating

income

Operating

margin %

As reported - GAAP

$

%

$

$

$

%

Constant-currency adjustment (1)

1

Acquisition-related costs (4)

1

Litigation, regulatory and other legal matters (7)

3

(3)

Pension mark-to-market adjustment (8)

(3)

Loss on sale of assets (10)

1

1

Core performance measures

$

%

$

$

$

%

Gross

margin

Gross

margin %

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Research, development and engineering expenses

Operating

income

Operating

margin %

As reported - GAAP

$

%

$

$

$

%

Constant-currency adjustment (1)

3

1

Acquisition-related costs (4)

(1)

Restructuring, impairment and other charges and credits (6)

6

Pension mark-to-market adjustment (8)

(3)

3

Loss on sale of assets (10)

Core performance measures

$

%

$

$

$

%

Refer to “Items Adjusted from GAAP Measures” for the descriptions of the footnoted reconciling items.

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures

Corning Incorporated and Subsidiary Companies

(Unaudited; in millions)

Gross

margin

Gross

margin %

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Research, development and engineering expenses

Operating

income

Operating

margin %

As reported - GAAP

$

%

$

$

$

%

Constant-currency adjustment (1)

3

1

Acquisition-related costs (4)

1

Restructuring, impairment and other charges and credits (6)

(3)

(1)

(2)

Litigation, regulatory and other legal matters (7)

(7)

7

Pension mark-to-market adjustment (8)

(2)

Loss on sale of assets (10)

5

5

Core performance measures

$

%

$

$

$

%

Gross

margin

Gross

margin %

Selling, general and administrative expenses

Research, development and engineering expenses

Operating

income

Operating

margin %

As reported - GAAP

$

%

$

$

$

%

Constant-currency adjustment (1)

7

1

Acquisition-related costs (4)

(1)

Restructuring, impairment and other charges and credits (6)

(5)

Litigation, regulatory and other legal matters (7)

5

(5)

Pension mark-to-market adjustment (8)

(3)

Loss on sale of assets (10)

Core performance measures

$

%

$

$

$

%

Refer to “Items Adjusted from GAAP Measures” for the descriptions of the footnoted reconciling items.

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures

Corning Incorporated and Subsidiary Companies

(Unaudited; in millions)

Three months ended

Six months ended

Cash flows from operating activities

$

$

$

$

Realized gains on translated earnings contracts and other

$

$

$

$

Adjusted cash flows from operating activities

$

$

$

$

Less: Capital expenditures

$

$

$

$

Adjusted free cash flow

$

$

$

$

Core return on invested capital (“core ROIC”) is a non-GAAP measure used by management and can be used by investors to review our investment and capital allocation decisions. We define core ROIC as the after-tax core operating income, inclusive of core equity earnings from affiliated companies, as a percentage of invested capital, calculated as total equity plus total long-term debt. Core ROIC for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 is calculated by annualizing the after-tax return for the respective period.

Three months ended

Core operating income (1)

$

$

Core equity earnings in affiliated companies (2)

$

3

$

Core operating income before interest and taxes

$

$

Less: Income tax (3)

$

$

Core operating income tax adjusted

$

$

Equity

$

$

Debt

$

$

Invested capital

$

$

Core ROIC

%

%

(1)Refer to the reconciliation of operating income as reported in our GAAP results to core operating income within the “Reconciliation of non-GAAP measures.”

(2)Equity earnings in affiliated companies as reflected within other (expense) income, net in the consolidated statements of income was a loss of $11 million and income of $10 million for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively. The difference between equity earnings in affiliated companies as reported in our GAAP results and as reflected as a non-GAAP core performance measure is an adjustment for constant currency reporting, as described within “Core Performance Measures.” For the three months ended June 30, 2025, the difference also included an adjustment of $12 million for restructuring charges associated with an affiliated company as described within the “Reconciliation of non-GAAP measures.”

(3)Income tax amounts are calculated based on the core effective tax rate of 19.5% and 22.0% for the three months ended June 30, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively.

Items Adjusted from GAAP Measures

Items adjusted from GAAP measures to arrive at core performance measures are as follows:

(1)Constant-currency adjustment: As a significant portion of revenues and expenses are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, management believes it is important to understand the impact on sales and net income of translating these currencies into U.S. dollars. The Company utilizes constant-currency reporting for Optical Communications, Display, Specialty Materials, Automotive and Life Sciences segments for the Japanese yen, South Korean won, Chinese yuan, New Taiwan dollar, Mexican peso and euro, as applicable to the segment. We believe that the use of constant-currency reporting allows management to understand our results without the volatility of currency fluctuation, analyze underlying trends in the businesses and establish operational goals and forecasts.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the constant-currency adjustment primarily relates to our Japanese yen exposure due to the difference in the average spot rate compared to our core rate.

The constant-currency rates established for our core performance measures are long-term management-determined rates, which are closely aligned with our hedging instrument rates. These hedging instruments may include, but are not limited to, foreign exchange forward or option contracts and foreign-denominated debt. Effective January 1, 2025, management updated the constant-currency rates and the updated rates were applied prospectively beginning with reporting periods in 2025. Comparative results were not recast and are reported based on the 2024 rates.

Constant-currency rates used are as follows and are applied to the respective period presented and to all foreign exchange exposures during the period, even though we may be less than 100% hedged:

Currency

Japanese yen

Korean won

Chinese yuan

New Taiwan dollar

Mexican peso

Euro

(2)Translation of foreign denominated debt, net: Amount reflects the gain or loss on the translation of our yen-denominated and euro-denominated debt to U.S. dollars, net of gains or losses on related hedging instruments.

(3)Translated earnings contract: Amount reflects the impact of the realized and unrealized gains and losses from the Japanese yen, South Korean won, Chinese yuan, New Taiwan dollar, Mexican peso and euro-denominated foreign currency hedges related to translated earnings.

(4)Acquisition-related costs: Amount reflects intangible amortization, inventory valuation adjustments and external acquisition-related deal costs, as well as other transaction related costs.

(5)Discrete tax items and other tax-related adjustments: Amount reflects certain discrete period tax items such as changes in tax law, the impact of tax audits, changes in tax reserves and changes in deferred tax asset valuation allowances, as well as other tax-related adjustments.

(6)Restructuring, impairment and other charges and credits: Amount reflects certain restructuring, impairment losses and other charges and credits, as well as other expenses, including severance, accelerated depreciation, asset write-offs and facility repairs resulting from power outages, which are not related to ongoing operations.

(7)Litigation, regulatory and other legal matters: Amount reflects developments in commercial litigation, intellectual property disputes, adjustments to our estimated liability for environmental-related items and other legal matters.

(8)Pension mark-to-market adjustment: Amount primarily reflects defined benefit pension mark-to-market gains and losses, which arise from changes in actuarial assumptions and the difference between actual and expected returns on plan assets and discount rates.

(9)(Gain) loss on investments: Amount reflects the gain or loss recognized on investments due to mark-to-market adjustments for the change in fair value or the disposition of an investment.

(10)Loss on sale of assets: Amount represents the loss recognized for the sale of assets.

(11)Equity in losses of affiliated companies: Amount reflects costs not related to continuing operations of affiliated companies, such as restructuring, impairment losses, inventory adjustments, other charges and credits.

(12)Loss on sale of business: Amount reflects the loss recognized for the sale of a business, recorded in other (expense) income, net in the consolidated statements of income.