Geopolitical Risk — Colombia

## What this measures

The share of articles in ten major US, UK and Canadian newspapers that mention both adverse geopolitical events or threats (war, military buildups, nuclear threats, terrorism) and Colombia, in percent of all articles, each month. It is one of the country indexes in the Geopolitical Risk (GPR) dataset of Caldara and Iacoviello.

## Why it matters

Colombia is a major producer of oil, coal, gold and emeralds, and has a long history of armed conflict. Press attention to geopolitical risk there tracks guerrilla and cartel violence, peace talks and tensions with Venezuela.

## How to read it

Higher means more of the international press is writing about Colombia in connection with conflict, threats or political violence. Since 1985 it has averaged about 0.05% of articles, with its highest years in 1989, 2002 and 2025. Compare a month with the country's own history rather than with other countries: the level depends on how much the papers cover a country at all.

## What it does not say

It measures English-language press attention, not the risk on the ground or its severity. Local unrest that the international press does not pick up will not show. A single month can jump on one story, so read the trend over several months.

## Source

Caldara, Dario and Matteo Iacoviello (2022), "Measuring Geopolitical Risk," American Economic Review 112(4), 1194–1225. Data: matteoiacoviello.com/gpr.htm (data_gpr_export.xls, column GPRC_COL), licensed CC BY 4.0. Palanor downloads the file daily via /api/cron/gpr-sync and rounds values to four decimals.