GDP, Historical (Maddison): Türkiye

## What this measures

The size of Türkiye's economy in billions of 2011 international dollars: Maddison GDP per person times population. A Palanor calculation from the Maddison Project Database 2023.

## Why it matters

Total output is the measure of economic weight: how much a country or region could produce, tax and spend, over centuries.

## How to read it

Billions of 2011 international dollars (inflation- and price-level adjusted). Each point is a calendar year, dated December 31, and exists only where the database gives both GDP per person and population.

## What it does not say

It inherits the uncertainty of both parts, which is large before 1820. It is not the national accounts GDP a statistics office publishes today.

## Source

Maddison Project Database 2023 (Groningen Growth and Development Centre, University of Groningen). Cite as: Bolt, Jutta and Jan Luiten van Zanden (2024), "Maddison style estimates of the evolution of the world economy: A new 2023 update", Journal of Economic Surveys, 1–41. DOI: 10.1111/joes.12618. Licence: Maddison Project Database, version 2023 by Jutta Bolt and Jan Luiten van Zanden, licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/releases/maddison-project-database-2023 The database asks that all original papers be cited when its data is shown in graphical form. The original sources for Türkiye, as the database lists them: Sources added since MPD 2013: - Scheidel, W. and Friesen, S. J., ‘The size of the economy and the distribution of income in the Roman Empire’, Journal of Roman Studies, 99 (2009), pp. 61–91 - 700 - 1820: Pamuk, Ş. and M. Shatzmiller (2011). “Real Wages and GDP per capita in the Medieval Islamic Middle East in Comparative Perspective, 700-1500”, paper presented at the 9th Conference of the European Historical Economics Society, Dublin, September 2-3, 2011; Milanovic, B. (2006), “An estimate of average income and inequality in Byzantium around year 1000,” Review of Income and Wealth 52 (3). - 1500-1820: Pamuk, S. (2009). “Estimating GDP per capita for the Ottoman Empire in a European Comparative Framework, 1500-1820”, paper presented at the XVth World Economic History Congress, August 2009, Utrecht - GDP pc: 2008 - 2022: Total Economy Database the Conference Board for all countries included in TED. Otherwise UN national accounts statistics Sources used by Angus Maddison (original dataset, last updated 2010): - 182, 1870: Maddison, A. Monitoring the World Economy, 1995 - 1923-48: T. Bulutay, Y.S. Tezel and N. Yielderim, Turkiye Milli Geliri 1923-1948, Ankara, 1974. Palanor multiplies GDP per person by population for each year the database gives both; that product is the only change. This is a one-off release; Palanor will load the next version when the Maddison Project publishes one.