U.S. Producer Price Inflation · Final Demand (12-Month Change)

## What this measures

The 12-month percent change in the U.S. Producer Price Index for final demand: how much more producers charged for goods, services and construction sold to final users than a year earlier. Monthly.

## Why it matters

It is the headline producer inflation rate. Producer prices move before consumer prices in many categories, so a rising rate is an early read on cost pressure reaching shelves and service bills.

## How to read it

Above zero, producer prices are higher than a year earlier; below zero, lower. Read with consumer inflation (fred_cpi) and with the monthly change (us.ppi.final_demand.mom), which shows the latest direction sooner.

## What it does not say

It covers selling prices, not margins or imports. Recent months are revised four months after first release, so the latest rates can change.

## Source

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Producer Price Index, series PPIFID (final demand, not seasonally adjusted, the index BLS states 12-month changes on), via the FRED API (Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis). BLS data are in the public domain; cite the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Palanor computes the 12-month change from the published index, so it can differ from the BLS release by a rounding tenth.