Luxembourg: Rank on GDP per Hour Worked at PPP

## What this measures

Luxembourg's place, from 1st (highest) to 26th, on GDP per hour worked at purchasing-power parity (world.gdp_per_hour.ppp.lux) among the 26 countries Palanor ranks (the 25 with OECD hours data and the highest GDP per person at PPP in 2024, plus Japan). A year is ranked only when every country in the set has all three measures, so ranks always compare the same countries.

## Why it matters

Ranking the same countries three ways shows how much the answer to "which country is richest" depends on the measure: exchange rates, prices, and hours each move countries up or down.

## How to read it

Lower is better. A move of one or two places is often within the measurement error of the inputs.

## What it does not say

Singapore, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Hong Kong, Saudi Arabia and Macao rank among the world's richest by GDP per person at PPP but have no OECD hours data, so they are not in the set; nor are China, India, Brazil or Indonesia. Ireland's GDP is inflated by the profits of multinational companies booked there, and Luxembourg's by workers who live across the border (they add to output but not to residents), so both sit far above what their residents earn.

## Source

Palanor calculation from World Bank, World Development Indicators (SL.GDP.PCAP.EM.KD), CC BY 4.0. and OECD, average annual hours actually worked per worker (DSD_HW@DF_AVG_ANN_HRS_WKD), CC BY 4.0.