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Government Debt, Major Economies
General government gross debt, % of GDP, each economy's latest year of IMF figures (projections excluded)
Plays the chart through its history. Pauses are where a new leader takes first place.
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook, general government gross debt (GGXWDG_NGDP). Each economy's latest year of IMF figures (the IMF's own estimate for the most recent year in many economies); the IMF's projections are left out. General government covers central, state and local government and social security funds.
Twenty large economies ranked by government debt as a share of their economy, latest year of IMF figures: no projections.
What this chart reads·20 series
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- United States · General Government Gross Debt (IMF)as “United States”latest 2025-12-31
- Japan · General Government Gross Debt (IMF)as “Japan”latest 2025-12-31
- Italy · General Government Gross Debt (IMF)as “Italy”latest 2025-12-31
- France · General Government Gross Debt (IMF)as “France”latest 2025-12-31
- United Kingdom · General Government Gross Debt (IMF)as “United Kingdom”latest 2025-12-31
- Canada · General Government Gross Debt (IMF)as “Canada”latest 2025-12-31
- Germany · General Government Gross Debt (IMF)as “Germany”latest 2025-12-31
- China · General Government Gross Debt (IMF)as “China”latest 2025-12-31
- India · General Government Gross Debt (IMF)as “India”latest 2025-12-31
- Brazil · General Government Gross Debt (IMF)as “Brazil”latest 2025-12-31
- Spain · General Government Gross Debt (IMF)as “Spain”latest 2025-12-31
- South Korea · General Government Gross Debt (IMF)as “South Korea”latest 2025-12-31
- Australia · General Government Gross Debt (IMF)as “Australia”latest 2025-12-31
- Mexico · General Government Gross Debt (IMF)as “Mexico”latest 2025-12-31
- South Africa · General Government Gross Debt (IMF)as “South Africa”latest 2025-12-31
- Türkiye · General Government Gross Debt (IMF)as “Türkiye”latest 2025-12-31
- Indonesia · General Government Gross Debt (IMF)as “Indonesia”latest 2025-12-31
- Saudi Arabia · General Government Gross Debt (IMF)as “Saudi Arabia”latest 2025-12-31
- Argentina · General Government Gross Debt (IMF)as “Argentina”latest 2025-12-31
- Russia · General Government Gross Debt (IMF)as “Russia”latest 2025-12-31
Sources·20 sources
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United States · General Government Gross Debt (IMF). Source: IMF World Economic Outlook Database, October 2026 (the IMF's published database file, WEOOct2026all.xlsx). Figures as published, rounded to at most four decimals. Provided by the IMF "as is" and available free of charge from the IMF; the IMF does not endorse Palanor.
Japan · General Government Gross Debt (IMF). Source: IMF World Economic Outlook Database, October 2026 (the IMF's published database file, WEOOct2026all.xlsx). Figures as published, rounded to at most four decimals. Provided by the IMF "as is" and available free of charge from the IMF; the IMF does not endorse Palanor.
Italy · General Government Gross Debt (IMF). Source: IMF World Economic Outlook Database, October 2026 (the IMF's published database file, WEOOct2026all.xlsx). Figures as published, rounded to at most four decimals. Provided by the IMF "as is" and available free of charge from the IMF; the IMF does not endorse Palanor.
France · General Government Gross Debt (IMF). Source: IMF World Economic Outlook Database, October 2026 (the IMF's published database file, WEOOct2026all.xlsx). Figures as published, rounded to at most four decimals. Provided by the IMF "as is" and available free of charge from the IMF; the IMF does not endorse Palanor.
United Kingdom · General Government Gross Debt (IMF). Source: IMF World Economic Outlook Database, October 2026 (the IMF's published database file, WEOOct2026all.xlsx). Figures as published, rounded to at most four decimals. Provided by the IMF "as is" and available free of charge from the IMF; the IMF does not endorse Palanor.
Canada · General Government Gross Debt (IMF). Source: IMF World Economic Outlook Database, October 2026 (the IMF's published database file, WEOOct2026all.xlsx). Figures as published, rounded to at most four decimals. Provided by the IMF "as is" and available free of charge from the IMF; the IMF does not endorse Palanor.
Germany · General Government Gross Debt (IMF). Source: IMF World Economic Outlook Database, October 2026 (the IMF's published database file, WEOOct2026all.xlsx). Figures as published, rounded to at most four decimals. Provided by the IMF "as is" and available free of charge from the IMF; the IMF does not endorse Palanor.
China · General Government Gross Debt (IMF). Source: IMF World Economic Outlook Database, October 2026 (the IMF's published database file, WEOOct2026all.xlsx). Figures as published, rounded to at most four decimals. Provided by the IMF "as is" and available free of charge from the IMF; the IMF does not endorse Palanor.
India · General Government Gross Debt (IMF). Source: IMF World Economic Outlook Database, October 2026 (the IMF's published database file, WEOOct2026all.xlsx). Figures as published, rounded to at most four decimals. Provided by the IMF "as is" and available free of charge from the IMF; the IMF does not endorse Palanor.
Brazil · General Government Gross Debt (IMF). Source: IMF World Economic Outlook Database, October 2026 (the IMF's published database file, WEOOct2026all.xlsx). Figures as published, rounded to at most four decimals. Provided by the IMF "as is" and available free of charge from the IMF; the IMF does not endorse Palanor.
Spain · General Government Gross Debt (IMF). Source: IMF World Economic Outlook Database, October 2026 (the IMF's published database file, WEOOct2026all.xlsx). Figures as published, rounded to at most four decimals. Provided by the IMF "as is" and available free of charge from the IMF; the IMF does not endorse Palanor.
South Korea · General Government Gross Debt (IMF). Source: IMF World Economic Outlook Database, October 2026 (the IMF's published database file, WEOOct2026all.xlsx). Figures as published, rounded to at most four decimals. Provided by the IMF "as is" and available free of charge from the IMF; the IMF does not endorse Palanor.
Australia · General Government Gross Debt (IMF). Source: IMF World Economic Outlook Database, October 2026 (the IMF's published database file, WEOOct2026all.xlsx). Figures as published, rounded to at most four decimals. Provided by the IMF "as is" and available free of charge from the IMF; the IMF does not endorse Palanor.
Mexico · General Government Gross Debt (IMF). Source: IMF World Economic Outlook Database, October 2026 (the IMF's published database file, WEOOct2026all.xlsx). Figures as published, rounded to at most four decimals. Provided by the IMF "as is" and available free of charge from the IMF; the IMF does not endorse Palanor.
South Africa · General Government Gross Debt (IMF). Source: IMF World Economic Outlook Database, October 2026 (the IMF's published database file, WEOOct2026all.xlsx). Figures as published, rounded to at most four decimals. Provided by the IMF "as is" and available free of charge from the IMF; the IMF does not endorse Palanor.
Türkiye · General Government Gross Debt (IMF). Source: IMF World Economic Outlook Database, October 2026 (the IMF's published database file, WEOOct2026all.xlsx). Figures as published, rounded to at most four decimals. Provided by the IMF "as is" and available free of charge from the IMF; the IMF does not endorse Palanor.
Indonesia · General Government Gross Debt (IMF). Source: IMF World Economic Outlook Database, October 2026 (the IMF's published database file, WEOOct2026all.xlsx). Figures as published, rounded to at most four decimals. Provided by the IMF "as is" and available free of charge from the IMF; the IMF does not endorse Palanor.
Saudi Arabia · General Government Gross Debt (IMF). Source: IMF World Economic Outlook Database, October 2026 (the IMF's published database file, WEOOct2026all.xlsx). Figures as published, rounded to at most four decimals. Provided by the IMF "as is" and available free of charge from the IMF; the IMF does not endorse Palanor.
Argentina · General Government Gross Debt (IMF). Source: IMF World Economic Outlook Database, October 2026 (the IMF's published database file, WEOOct2026all.xlsx). Figures as published, rounded to at most four decimals. Provided by the IMF "as is" and available free of charge from the IMF; the IMF does not endorse Palanor.
Russia · General Government Gross Debt (IMF). Source: IMF World Economic Outlook Database, October 2026 (the IMF's published database file, WEOOct2026all.xlsx). Figures as published, rounded to at most four decimals. Provided by the IMF "as is" and available free of charge from the IMF; the IMF does not endorse Palanor.
Charts are drawn from Palanor's signal library and recomputed from source data on every view. Transformations (changes, indexing, year-on-year rates) are Palanor's.