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Who Holds U.S. Treasury Debt
U.S. Treasury securities held by the largest foreign holders, latest month, $ billions
Plays the chart through its history. Pauses are where a new leader takes first place.
Treasury International Capital (TIC) data, end of month. Holdings are credited to the country of the custodian, so financial centres such as Belgium, Luxembourg and the Cayman Islands hold Treasuries for investors elsewhere.
The biggest foreign owners of U.S. government debt, ranked by the latest month. The list mixes reserve holders, whose central banks keep dollars, with financial centres that hold bonds in custody for investors around the world.
What this chart reads·20 series
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- U.S. Treasury Securities Held in Japanas “Japan”behindlatest 2026-08-01
- U.S. Treasury Securities Held in United Kingdomas “United Kingdom”behindlatest 2026-08-01
- U.S. Treasury Securities Held in Chinaas “China”behindlatest 2026-08-01
- U.S. Treasury Securities Held in Belgiumas “Belgium”behindlatest 2026-08-01
- U.S. Treasury Securities Held in Cayman Islandsas “Cayman Islands”behindlatest 2026-08-01
- U.S. Treasury Securities Held in Luxembourgas “Luxembourg”behindlatest 2026-08-01
- U.S. Treasury Securities Held in Canadaas “Canada”behindlatest 2026-08-01
- U.S. Treasury Securities Held in Irelandas “Ireland”behindlatest 2026-08-01
- U.S. Treasury Securities Held in Franceas “France”behindlatest 2026-08-01
- U.S. Treasury Securities Held in Taiwanas “Taiwan”behindlatest 2026-08-01
- U.S. Treasury Securities Held in Switzerlandas “Switzerland”behindlatest 2026-08-01
- U.S. Treasury Securities Held in Singaporeas “Singapore”behindlatest 2026-08-01
- U.S. Treasury Securities Held in Hong Kongas “Hong Kong”behindlatest 2026-08-01
- U.S. Treasury Securities Held in Norwayas “Norway”behindlatest 2026-08-01
- U.S. Treasury Securities Held in Indiaas “India”behindlatest 2026-08-01
- U.S. Treasury Securities Held in Brazilas “Brazil”behindlatest 2026-08-01
- U.S. Treasury Securities Held in Saudi Arabiaas “Saudi Arabia”behindlatest 2026-08-01
- U.S. Treasury Securities Held in South Koreaas “South Korea”behindlatest 2026-08-01
- U.S. Treasury Securities Held in United Arab Emiratesas “United Arab Emirates”behindlatest 2026-08-01
- U.S. Treasury Securities Held in Bermudaas “Bermuda”behindlatest 2026-08-01
Sources·20 sources
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U.S. Treasury Securities Held in Japan. Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury and Federal Reserve Board, Treasury International Capital (TIC) system: "Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities" (ticdata.treasury.gov, slt_table5.txt for the latest 13 months, mfhhis01.txt for history back to March 2000). U.S. Government work, public domain. Palanor re-reads both files on every run, because Treasury revises past years when it benchmarks the series.
U.S. Treasury Securities Held in United Kingdom. Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury and Federal Reserve Board, Treasury International Capital (TIC) system: "Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities" (ticdata.treasury.gov, slt_table5.txt for the latest 13 months, mfhhis01.txt for history back to March 2000). U.S. Government work, public domain. Palanor re-reads both files on every run, because Treasury revises past years when it benchmarks the series.
U.S. Treasury Securities Held in China. Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury and Federal Reserve Board, Treasury International Capital (TIC) system: "Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities" (ticdata.treasury.gov, slt_table5.txt for the latest 13 months, mfhhis01.txt for history back to March 2000). U.S. Government work, public domain. Palanor re-reads both files on every run, because Treasury revises past years when it benchmarks the series.
U.S. Treasury Securities Held in Belgium. Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury and Federal Reserve Board, Treasury International Capital (TIC) system: "Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities" (ticdata.treasury.gov, slt_table5.txt for the latest 13 months, mfhhis01.txt for history back to March 2000). U.S. Government work, public domain. Palanor re-reads both files on every run, because Treasury revises past years when it benchmarks the series.
U.S. Treasury Securities Held in Cayman Islands. Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury and Federal Reserve Board, Treasury International Capital (TIC) system: "Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities" (ticdata.treasury.gov, slt_table5.txt for the latest 13 months, mfhhis01.txt for history back to March 2000). U.S. Government work, public domain. Palanor re-reads both files on every run, because Treasury revises past years when it benchmarks the series.
U.S. Treasury Securities Held in Luxembourg. Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury and Federal Reserve Board, Treasury International Capital (TIC) system: "Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities" (ticdata.treasury.gov, slt_table5.txt for the latest 13 months, mfhhis01.txt for history back to March 2000). U.S. Government work, public domain. Palanor re-reads both files on every run, because Treasury revises past years when it benchmarks the series.
U.S. Treasury Securities Held in Canada. Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury and Federal Reserve Board, Treasury International Capital (TIC) system: "Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities" (ticdata.treasury.gov, slt_table5.txt for the latest 13 months, mfhhis01.txt for history back to March 2000). U.S. Government work, public domain. Palanor re-reads both files on every run, because Treasury revises past years when it benchmarks the series.
U.S. Treasury Securities Held in Ireland. Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury and Federal Reserve Board, Treasury International Capital (TIC) system: "Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities" (ticdata.treasury.gov, slt_table5.txt for the latest 13 months, mfhhis01.txt for history back to March 2000). U.S. Government work, public domain. Palanor re-reads both files on every run, because Treasury revises past years when it benchmarks the series.
U.S. Treasury Securities Held in France. Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury and Federal Reserve Board, Treasury International Capital (TIC) system: "Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities" (ticdata.treasury.gov, slt_table5.txt for the latest 13 months, mfhhis01.txt for history back to March 2000). U.S. Government work, public domain. Palanor re-reads both files on every run, because Treasury revises past years when it benchmarks the series.
U.S. Treasury Securities Held in Taiwan. Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury and Federal Reserve Board, Treasury International Capital (TIC) system: "Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities" (ticdata.treasury.gov, slt_table5.txt for the latest 13 months, mfhhis01.txt for history back to March 2000). U.S. Government work, public domain. Palanor re-reads both files on every run, because Treasury revises past years when it benchmarks the series.
U.S. Treasury Securities Held in Switzerland. Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury and Federal Reserve Board, Treasury International Capital (TIC) system: "Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities" (ticdata.treasury.gov, slt_table5.txt for the latest 13 months, mfhhis01.txt for history back to March 2000). U.S. Government work, public domain. Palanor re-reads both files on every run, because Treasury revises past years when it benchmarks the series.
U.S. Treasury Securities Held in Singapore. Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury and Federal Reserve Board, Treasury International Capital (TIC) system: "Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities" (ticdata.treasury.gov, slt_table5.txt for the latest 13 months, mfhhis01.txt for history back to March 2000). U.S. Government work, public domain. Palanor re-reads both files on every run, because Treasury revises past years when it benchmarks the series.
U.S. Treasury Securities Held in Hong Kong. Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury and Federal Reserve Board, Treasury International Capital (TIC) system: "Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities" (ticdata.treasury.gov, slt_table5.txt for the latest 13 months, mfhhis01.txt for history back to March 2000). U.S. Government work, public domain. Palanor re-reads both files on every run, because Treasury revises past years when it benchmarks the series.
U.S. Treasury Securities Held in Norway. Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury and Federal Reserve Board, Treasury International Capital (TIC) system: "Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities" (ticdata.treasury.gov, slt_table5.txt for the latest 13 months, mfhhis01.txt for history back to March 2000). U.S. Government work, public domain. Palanor re-reads both files on every run, because Treasury revises past years when it benchmarks the series.
U.S. Treasury Securities Held in India. Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury and Federal Reserve Board, Treasury International Capital (TIC) system: "Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities" (ticdata.treasury.gov, slt_table5.txt for the latest 13 months, mfhhis01.txt for history back to March 2000). U.S. Government work, public domain. Palanor re-reads both files on every run, because Treasury revises past years when it benchmarks the series.
U.S. Treasury Securities Held in Brazil. Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury and Federal Reserve Board, Treasury International Capital (TIC) system: "Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities" (ticdata.treasury.gov, slt_table5.txt for the latest 13 months, mfhhis01.txt for history back to March 2000). U.S. Government work, public domain. Palanor re-reads both files on every run, because Treasury revises past years when it benchmarks the series.
U.S. Treasury Securities Held in Saudi Arabia. Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury and Federal Reserve Board, Treasury International Capital (TIC) system: "Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities" (ticdata.treasury.gov, slt_table5.txt for the latest 13 months, mfhhis01.txt for history back to March 2000). U.S. Government work, public domain. Palanor re-reads both files on every run, because Treasury revises past years when it benchmarks the series.
U.S. Treasury Securities Held in South Korea. Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury and Federal Reserve Board, Treasury International Capital (TIC) system: "Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities" (ticdata.treasury.gov, slt_table5.txt for the latest 13 months, mfhhis01.txt for history back to March 2000). U.S. Government work, public domain. Palanor re-reads both files on every run, because Treasury revises past years when it benchmarks the series.
U.S. Treasury Securities Held in United Arab Emirates. Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury and Federal Reserve Board, Treasury International Capital (TIC) system: "Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities" (ticdata.treasury.gov, slt_table5.txt for the latest 13 months, mfhhis01.txt for history back to March 2000). U.S. Government work, public domain. Palanor re-reads both files on every run, because Treasury revises past years when it benchmarks the series.
U.S. Treasury Securities Held in Bermuda. Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury and Federal Reserve Board, Treasury International Capital (TIC) system: "Major Foreign Holders of Treasury Securities" (ticdata.treasury.gov, slt_table5.txt for the latest 13 months, mfhhis01.txt for history back to March 2000). U.S. Government work, public domain. Palanor re-reads both files on every run, because Treasury revises past years when it benchmarks the series.
Charts are drawn from Palanor's signal library and recomputed from source data on every view. Transformations (changes, indexing, year-on-year rates) are Palanor's.