Türkiye
Everything Palanor holds about Türkiye, in one place: 240 public signals, what its economy runs on, how often America’s largest companies name it, the news that names it, and Country Posture. Every figure is computed from stored readings and carries its source and date.
AsiaMiddle East & North AfricaG20OECDMiddle East & Africa
The latest read
- GDP in current U.S. dollars: $1,597 billion (2025); record high since 1960; 1y +17.5%.
- Real GDP growth: 3.6% (2025); 36th percentile since 1961; 1y +0.27 pts.
- Consumer price inflation: 34.9% (2025); 61st percentile since 1960; lowest since 2021; 1y −23.63 pts.
- Unemployment: 8.52% (2025); 27th percentile since 1991; lowest since 2001; 1y −0.28 pts.
- Household consumption, share of GDP: 54.7% of GDP (2025); 21st percentile since 1990; highest since 2017; 1y +0.43 pts.
- Net exports, share of GDP: -0.24% of GDP (2025); 63rd percentile since 1990; 1y −0.78 pts.
Country Posture
What Türkiye’s economy is doing
Momentum
2025Inputs only. Did not pass the pre-registered back-test: 1996–2009: AUC 0.590 below 0.60; AUC 0.590 below the single-input baseline (0.624); 2010–2022: AUC 0.595 below 0.60; AUC 0.595 below the single-input baseline (0.641).
Inputs
| Real GDP growth | 3.6 |
| Growth against its three-year average | -1.0 |
| Change in unemployment | -0.3 |
| Change in the employment rate | 0.3 |
| Export volume growth | — |
| OECD leading indicator | — |
Resilience
202543Moderate buffers
0 = thin buffers · 100 = deep buffers
Moved most by reserves, months of imports (up) and current account (down) since the year before.
Inputs
| Interest as a share of revenue (2024) | 11.7 | 31 |
| Budget balance (2024) | -3.2 | 36 |
| Reserves, months of imports | 5.1 | 63 |
| Current account | -1.9 | 55 |
| Governance (WGI mean) | -0.58 | 17 |
| External debt (2024) | 39.4 | 70 |
Pressure
2025Inputs only. Did not pass the pre-registered back-test: 1996–2009: AUC 0.657 below the single-input baseline (0.672).
Inputs
| Inflation | 34.9 |
| Change in inflation | -23.6 |
| Currency move against the dollar | 18.5% |
| Conflict deaths per million | 0.1 |
| Political stability | -0.88 |
| Private credit, three-year change | -7.6 |
| Bond spread over U.S. Treasuries | 28.8 |
Posture describes what an economy is doing; it is not a rating and never ranks countries. Each input is read against the country’s own history and against every other economy that year. An axis shows a score only after passing a back-test fixed before any result was computed. Method and back-test.
Country Schemas
Where Türkiye is in its cycles
Where Türkiye sits in eight long cycles, each read from published statistics against a method fixed before any reading was computed. A stage describes; it is not a rating, and no stage is better or worse than another.
- Development stage
High mass consumption70% · 2025
Pre-take-offTake-offDrive to maturityHigh mass consumption20002025
- Demographic stage
Low stationary99% · 2025
High stationaryEarly expandingLate expandingLow stationaryDeclining20002025
- Debt cycle stage
Early cycle38% · 2025
Early cycleLeveragingLate cycleDeleveraging20002025
- External balance stage
Mature debtor82% · 2025
Immature debtorMature debtorDebt repayerImmature creditorMature creditorCredit disinvestor20002025
- Export structure stage
Manufacturing exporter97% · 2025
Commodity-reliantDiversifyingManufacturing exporterComplex exporter20002025
- Structural pressure
High57% · 2025
LowBuildingHighAcute20002025
- Middle-class stage
Withheld.
Pre-middle-classEmerging middle classMiddle-class majorityAffluent20002025
Withheld: too little of its evidence is published and fresh.
- Electoral cycle
Mid-term99% · 2026-10
Post-electionMid-termPre-election2020-012026-10
Passport reach
Where a Türkiye passport opens doors
The share of world GDP, outside Türkiye itself, in the economies whose published rules let a holder of this passport in, as of October 2026. Palanor records the rules of destinations holding 88% of world GDP, from each government’s own list, and weights them by World Bank GDP for 2025. Rank is among 199 passports.
Work
14.1%rank 55 of 199
the right to work (free movement in full; treaty and working-holiday routes at half); 0 destinations in full, 3 at half.
Recorded changes
Türkiye grants citizenship for a set investment
- Turkish Citizenship by Investment (exceptional citizenship, Regulation on the Implementation of the Turkish Citizenship Law Art. 20(2)) citizenship · OpenGovernment minimum $400,000 for one person (agent fees excluded).
Reach is shown here and not weighted into Country Strength: it rewards membership of a free-movement area or a treaty more than the strength of an economy. Entry is always at the border officer’s discretion, and conditions (length of stay, fees, age limits) vary. Method, sources and the full ranking: Passports and citizenship.
Palanor calculation from each destination government's published rules; GDP weights from the World Bank (CC BY 4.0), one year for the whole line, so it moves only when a list changes.
GDP by expenditure
What Türkiye’s economy runs on
In 2025, household spending was 54.7% of GDP, government consumption 13.9%, investment 31.7% and net exports -0.2% (exports 24.9%, imports 25.1%).
World Bank national accounts. The parts can miss 100 by a few points (the statistical discrepancy).
Same World Bank definition for every country, so the shares compare directly: What each economy runs on.
IMF World Economic Outlook
The IMF’s outlook for Türkiye
The latest year before the October 2026 edition (often still an IMF estimate) and the IMF’s own projections. These are the IMF’s published forecasts, shown as published; Palanor does not project them further. Since the previous edition the IMF cut its growth forecast for this year by 0.7 percentage points (Palanor calculation).
| Measure | 2025 | 2026 IMF f’cast | 2027 IMF f’cast | 2031 IMF f’cast |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Real GDP growth% | 3.7 | 2.7 | 3.6 | 4.0 |
| Inflation, average consumer prices% | 34.9 | 31.2 | 26.5 | 13.2 |
| Unemployment rate% of labor force | 8.3 | 8.2 | 8.3 | 8.2 |
| GDP, current US dollarsUS$ bn | 1,603 | 1,818 | 1,951 | 2,436 |
| GDP at purchasing-power parityintl $ bn | 3,794 | 4,026 | 4,301 | 5,425 |
| GDP per person, US dollarsUS$ | 18,676 | 21,079 | 22,513 | 27,578 |
| Current account balance% of GDP | -1.9 | -2.9 | -2.4 | -1.8 |
| Government gross debt% of GDP | 23.7 | 22.5 | 22.6 | 25.4 |
| Government net debt% of GDP | 18.0 | 18.3 | 19.7 | 21.4 |
| Government overall balance% of GDP | -2.8 | -3.1 | -3.9 | -2.8 |
| Government primary balance% of GDP | -0.2 | -0.4 | -0.8 | -0.2 |
| Government net interest paid% of GDP · Palanor calc. | 2.6 | 2.7 | 3.1 | 2.6 |
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook Database (edition on the projection). Dashed: the IMF's published projection.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook Database (edition on the projection). Dashed: the IMF's published projection.
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook Database, October 2026. Provided by the IMF “as is” and free of charge from the IMF; the IMF does not endorse Palanor. Net interest paid is a Palanor calculation: the IMF's primary balance minus its overall balance.
Charts
The headline series
Conflict
Organized violence
News
In the news
- Turkey markets cheap drone defences in export boom
FT Companies2026-10-22positive · +boom
- Canada's Carney visits Turkey in push to ease US trade dependence reut.rs/4zJSRYX
Reuters · Bluesky2026-10-22neutral
- Egypt rejects Libyan approval of maritime deal with Turkey reut.rs/3UF7Gx1
Reuters · Bluesky2026-10-21positive · +deal
- Turkey, Qatar, Indonesia, Pakistan ink defense cooperation MoU
Breaking Defense2026-10-21neutral
- Turkey, Qatar, Pakistan, Indonesia sign defence cooperation accord, Ankara says reut.rs/4iwbmKt
Reuters · Bluesky2026-10-21positive · +accord
- Turkey planning mandate to send military personnel to Saudi Arabia under Mecca pact, ruling party official says reut.rs/3UagzOY
Reuters · Bluesky2026-10-21neutral
- Turkey submits Saudi-Pakistan defence pact to parliament for ratification, sources say reut.rs/483E1AB
Reuters · Bluesky2026-10-20neutral
- Greece rejects Libyan approval of Turkey-Libya maritime deal reut.rs/4BioR7Z
Reuters · Bluesky2026-10-20positive · +deal
- Canada, Turkey set to sign pledge during Carney visit to deepen defence, energy ties, source says reut.rs/4dNVi4a
Reuters · Bluesky2026-10-20neutral
- Eastern Libya parliament approves maritime deal with Turkey, lifts 2020 boycott reut.rs/4ivVW97
Reuters · Bluesky2026-10-20positive · +approves +deal
- Electrification is taking centre stage as the Hormuz crisis spurs countries to strengthen energy security
Our new report, requested by the COP31 Presidencies of Türkiye & Australia, explores the potential to accelerate electrification & the implications: iea.li/4yfo4mw
International Energy Agency · Bluesky2026-10-17neutral · -crisis +strengthen
- Turkey to send Mecca agreement to parliament soon, Erdogan says reut.rs/4yUM1zN
Reuters · Bluesky2026-10-12positive · +agreement
- Turkey, Pakistan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia condemn Houthi attacks on Riyadh airport reut.rs/4e3TmEI
Reuters · Bluesky2026-10-12negative · -attacks
- Turkey’s foreign minister says Ankara weighing Saudi defense support, rules out offensive role
Defense News2026-10-08neutral
Headlines that name Türkiye, matched by name with fixed rules (a wrong match is worse than a missing one). Tone is read from each headline’s own words; no model reads or summarizes an article, and other publishers’ stories link out.
Company graph
Companies headquartered in Türkiye
Palanor’s company graph holds 114 entities headquartered here (GLEIF headquarters address, else legal address).
Signals
Every series about Türkiye
Grouped by theme, the most-read first. All 240 in the Library.
Growth and output10 of 41
- GDP per Person, Historical (Maddison): Türkiyerecord high since 1; 1y +4.5%27,3622022
- Population, Historical (Maddison): Türkiyerecord high since 1; 1y +1.0%87,201,130 people2022
- GDP, Historical (Maddison): Türkiyerecord high since 1; 1y +5.6%2,3862022
- Turkey · Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Value Added · % of GDPrecord low since 1960; 1y −0.611 pts5.21% of GDP2025
- Turkey · GDP · USD bn (current)record high since 1960; 1y +17.5%$1,597.3bn2025
- Turkey · Industry (incl. Construction) Value Added · % of GDP31st percentile since 1960; lowest since 1980; 1y −1.48 pts24% of GDP2025
- Turkey · Services Value Added · % of GDPrecord high since 1960; 1y +1.90 pts59.4% of GDP2025
- Turkey · Real GDP Growth · % y/y36th percentile since 1961; 1y +0.27 pts3.6%2025
- Türkiye · Manufacturing Value Added · % of GDP35th percentile since 1960; lowest since 2016; 1y −2.63 pts16.8% of GDP2024
- Turkey · Country Strength40th percentile since 1990; lowest since 2009; 1y −3.3%37.9 index2025
Prices4 of 6
- Türkiye Consumer Price Index (OECD)record high since Jan 2010; 1y +31.5%1,646.1 index2026-08-01
- Türkiye Inflation Rate (CPI, % y/y, OECD)72nd percentile since Jan 2011; lowest since Mar 2026; 1y −1.44 pts31.5% y/y2026-08-01
- Türkiye Purchasing Power Since 2019 (100 = January 2019)record low since Jan 2019; 1y −23.9%9.282026-08-01
- Turkey · Inflation · CPI % y/y61st percentile since 1960; lowest since 2021; 1y −23.63 pts34.9%2025
Jobs and people at work6 of 7
- Türkiye · Unemployment Rate (OECD Harmonised, Monthly)1st percentile since Jan 2005; 1y −0.8 pts7.8% of labour force2026-08-01
- Türkiye Unemployment Rate (Monthly, Eurostat)3rd percentile since Jan 2005; 1y unchanged8.1%2026-07-01
- Turkey — Avg annual hours worked per worker8th percentile since 1970; 1y −0.7%1,747.5 hours/year2023-06-30
- Turkey · Female Labor Force Participation · %record high since 1990; 1y +0.36 pts37.2%2025
- Turkey · Male Labor Force Participation · %60th percentile since 1990; highest since 2018; 1y +0.02 pts71.9%2025
- Turkey · Unemployment Rate · %27th percentile since 1991; lowest since 2001; 1y −0.28 pts8.52%2025
Money, rates and credit7 of 8
- Türkiye · Central Bank Policy Rate (IMF)54th percentile since Apr 1986; 1y −6.00 pts35.5%2026-08-01
- Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye Total Assets · % of Türkiye GDP55th percentile since Jan 1986; lowest since Apr 2025; 1y −0.837 pts18.6% of GDP2026-01-01
- Türkiye Credit to the Private Non-Financial Sector (Local Currency)record high since Jan 1986; 1y +43.6%33,1812026-01-01
- Türkiye · Bank Nonperforming Loans Ratio (IMF FSI)19th percentile since Oct 2005; highest since Jan 2022; 1y +0.656 pts2.48%2026-01-01
- Türkiye · Bank Regulatory Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets (IMF FSI)26th percentile since Oct 2005; lowest since Jan 2019; 1y −1.12 pts16.5%2026-01-01
- Türkiye · Bank Return on Equity (IMF FSI)84th percentile since Oct 2005; 1y −1.86 pts24.8%2026-01-01
- Türkiye Private Credit, Index 2015 = 100record high since 2015; 1y +48.4%1,653.32025
Stock market and listed companies2
- Türkiye Share Prices (OECD, 2015 = 100)99th percentile since Jan 1988; lowest since Mar 2026; 1y +23.8%1,682.32026-09-01
- Türkiye Share Prices, Change Over a Year (OECD)44th percentile since Jan 1989; lowest since Dec 2025; 1y +11.97 pts23.8% y/y2026-09-01
Government and debt10 of 19
- Türkiye · Public Social Spending: Total (% of GDP)66th percentile since 1980; highest since 2021; 1y +0.32 pts10.4% of GDP2024
- Turkey · Budget Balance · % GDP (central govt)38th percentile since 1972; lowest since 2020; 1y −0.99-3.16 pct_gdp2024
- Turkey · Interest · % of Revenue (central govt)57th percentile since 1972; 1y +0.69 pts11.7%2024
- Turkey · Interest · % of Expense (central govt)61st percentile since 1972; 1y −3.58 pts11%2023
- Türkiye · Public Social Spending: Family (% of GDP)45th percentile since 1980; lowest since 2018; 1y −0.17 pts0.45% of GDP2021
- Türkiye · Public Social Spending: Health and Disability (% of GDP)85th percentile since 1980; 1y −0.14 pts4% of GDP2021
- Türkiye · Public Social Spending: Old Age and Survivors (% of GDP)65th percentile since 1980; lowest since 2006; 1y −1.31 pts6.11% of GDP2021
- Türkiye · Public Social Spending: Other Social Policy (% of GDP)15th percentile since 1980; lowest since 1985; 1y −0.03 pts0.08% of GDP2021
- Türkiye · Public Social Spending: Unemployment (% of GDP)73rd percentile since 1980; 1y −0.47 pts0.39% of GDP2021
- Turkey · Government Debt · % GDP6th percentile since 2000; 1y +0.4%23.7 pct_gdp2025
Trade and capital flows4 of 5
- Türkiye · Net International Investment Position (IMF)12th percentile since Jan 2006; lowest since Jan 2018; 1y −64.54$-408.9bn2026-04-01
- Turkey · Current Account · % GDP55th percentile since 1974; 1y −0.94-1.9 pct_gdp2025
- Türkiye · Net International Investment Position, % of GDP (IMF)76th percentile since 1983; highest since 1997; 1y +4.01 pts-21.8% of GDP2025
- Türkiye · International Tourist Arrivals37th percentile since 1995; lowest since 2003; 1y −69.1%15,971,000 arrivals2020
Energy and resources10 of 23
- Türkiye · Bioenergy Share of Electricity Generation90th percentile since 2000; lowest since 2022; 1y −0.14 pts2.4% of generation2025
- Türkiye · Carbon Intensity of Electricity6th percentile since 2000; 1y +1.1%475.8 gCO2e/kWh2025
- Türkiye · Coal Share of Electricity Generation75th percentile since 2000; lowest since 2021; 1y −1.24 pts34.3% of generation2025
- Türkiye · Electricity Generationrecord high since 2000; 1y +3.7%353.9 TWh2025
- Türkiye · Gas Share of Electricity Generation13th percentile since 2000; highest since 2022; 1y +3.59 pts22.1% of generation2025
- Türkiye · Hydro Share of Electricity Generation6th percentile since 2000; lowest since 2014; 1y −5.67 pts16.2% of generation2025
- Türkiye · Hydro, Bioenergy and Other Renewables Share of Electricity Generation21st percentile since 2000; lowest since 2014; 1y −5.80 pts21.6% of generation2025
- Türkiye · Other Fossil Fuels Share of Electricity Generation17th percentile since 2000; 1y unchanged0.29% of generation2025
- Türkiye · Other Renewables Share of Electricity Generation83rd percentile since 2000; 1y +0.02 pts3.01% of generation2025
- Türkiye · Solar Share of Electricity Generationrecord high since 2000; 1y +3.01 pts10.5% of generation2025
Conflict and geopolitics7 of 13
- U.S. Active-Duty Troops in Türkiye (DMDC)19th percentile since Sep 2008; lowest since Mar 2018; 1y −4.7%1,637 persons2026-08-31
- Türkiye · Organized-Violence Deaths (UCDP, annual)record low since 1989; 1y −74.4%11 deaths2025
- Türkiye · State-Based Conflict Deaths (UCDP, annual)record low since 1989; 1y −73.0%10 deaths2025
- Turkey · Governance · WGI six-dimension mean6th percentile since 1996; 1y +0.018-0.58 index2025
- Turkey · Political Stability · WGI54th percentile since 1996; highest since 2014; 1y +0.005-0.88 index2025
- Turkey · Regulatory Quality · WGI6th percentile since 1996; lowest since 2022; 1y −0.007-0.17 index2025
- Turkey · Rule of Law · WGI6th percentile since 1996; 1y +0.019-0.81 index2025
Aid in and out3
- Türkiye · Humanitarian Funding (FTS) · US$ billions94th percentile since 2000; 1y −9.7%0.41 US$ billions2025
- Türkiye · Foreign Aid (Official Development Assistance) · US$ billions44th percentile since 2018; highest since 2021; 1y +1.7%7.52 US$ billions2025
- Türkiye · ODA as % of GNI1y −0.06 pts0.5% of GNI2025
Migration4 of 8
- International Migrant Stock: Türkiye (UN)record high since 19907,083,501 people2024
- International Migrants as a Share of Population: Türkiye (UN)record high since 19908.1% of population2024
- U.S.-Born People Living in Türkiye (UN)record high since 199033,577 people2024
- Change in Migrant Share of Population Since 2000: Türkiye (UN)6.142024
AI stance and technology4 of 6
- AI User Share: Türkiye (Microsoft AI Diffusion)1y +5.50 pts18.9% of people aged 15-642026-06-30
- AI Optimism Lean · Turkey (Pew)1y −3.20 pts39%2026
- More Concerned Than Excited About AI · Turkey (Pew)1y −1.00 pts25%2026
- More Excited Than Concerned About AI · Turkey (Pew)1y −3.00 pts16%2026
Climate and the physical world10 of 12
- Türkiye CO₂ Emissions (Global Carbon Budget)record high since 1865; 1y +5.4%513 Mt CO₂2024
- Türkiye Cumulative CO₂ Emissions (Global Carbon Budget)record high since 1865; 1y +4.1%12.9 Gt CO₂2024
- NO2 Pollution Hotspots: Turkey (Sentinel-5P, monthly)42nd percentile since May 2018; highest since Apr 2026; 1y −3.7%2.382026-09-01
- NO2 Pollution: Turkey (Sentinel-5P, monthly)35th percentile since May 2018; 1y −2.2%1.272026-09-01
- Turkey · Arable Land · % of land10th percentile since 1961; 1y −0.07 pts26.3% of land area2024
- Turkey · Renewable Freshwater · m³ per personrecord low since 1961; 1y −1.0%2,6712022
- Turkey · Forest Area · % of landrecord high since 1990; 1y +0.15 pts29.5%2024
- Türkiye · PM2.5 Exposure · µg/m³7th percentile since 1990; lowest since 2005; 1y −8.9%22.1 µg/m³2020
- Türkiye · Plastic Emitted to the Ocean by Rivers · tonnes per year (2015)14,034 t/yr2015
- Türkiye · Share of Global River Plastic Emitted to the Ocean · % (2015)1.4% of world2015
Health and living standards10 of 16
- Births: Türkiye5th percentile since 1950; lowest since 1952; 1y −0.6%1,072,0142023
- Deaths: Türkiye95th percentile since 1950; lowest since 2019; 1y −0.8%551,5982023
- Fertility Rate: Türkiye2nd percentile since 1950; 1y +0.0%1.632023
- Median Age: Türkiyerecord high since 1950; 1y +1.4%32.5 years2023
- Population Aged 65 and Over: Türkiyerecord high since 1950; 1y +0.281 pts10% of population2023
- Population: Türkiyerecord high since 1950; 1y +0.2%87,270,502 people2023
- Türkiye · Life Expectancy at Birth · years95th percentile since 1960; 1y +0.3%77.4 years2024
- Turkey · Human Development Index · UNDPrecord high since 1990; 1y unchanged0.85 index2023
- Turkey · Access to Electricity · % of populationrecord high since 2000; 1y unchanged100%2024
- Turkey · Basic Drinking Water Access · % of populationrecord high since 2000; 1y +0.01 pts96%2024
Sentiment and attention1
- Turkey · Search Attention95th percentile since Sep 2021; highest since Jun 21, 2026; 1y unchanged32 index2026-09-20
More about this country2 of 16
- Türkiye · Total Reserves incl. Gold (IMF)99th percentile since Dec 1950; 1y −8.2%$165.8bn2026-09-01
- Türkiye · Exchange Rate per US Dollar (IMF)record high since Feb 1957; 1y +17.2%47.8 per USD2026-08-01
Peers
Elsewhere in Asia
Alphabetical. Palanor does not rank countries.
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